Bileğim incinince, annem merhem sürdü.

Bileğim means my wrist.

It is built from:

• bilek = wrist
• -im = my

So you might expect bilekim, but Turkish changes the final k to ğ before a vowel-initial ending:

• bilek → bileğim

This kind of sound change is very common in Turkish.

Because when some Turkish nouns ending in k take a suffix that begins with a vowel, the k often softens to ğ.

So:

• bilek
  • -im → bileğim

The ğ here is usually not pronounced like a strong consonant in English. It often just lengthens or smooths the preceding vowel.

İncinince means when it got hurt, when it was hurt, or once it got hurt, depending on context.

It comes from:

• incinmek = to get hurt, be injured, be offended
• -ince / -ınca = when, once, after

So:

• incinince = when it got hurt

In this sentence, it refers to bileğim: when my wrist got hurt.

Turkish often uses verb endings instead of separate words like English does.

In English, we say:

• When my wrist got hurt, ...

In Turkish, the idea of when is built into the verb:

• incinince = when it got hurt

This is a very common Turkish structure.

Because Turkish usually shows possession with suffixes attached directly to the noun.

Here:

• bileğim = my wrist
• annem = my mother

So Turkish does not need separate words like my in these cases.

You could say benim bileğim or benim annem, but that is usually only for emphasis.

Annem means my mother.

It comes from:

• anne = mother
• -m = my

So:

• annem = my mother

This is the normal everyday way to say it.

Literally, sürdü comes from sürmek, which often means to spread, to smear, or to apply.

So merhem sürdü literally means something like:

• she applied ointment
• she spread ointment on it

In natural English, my mother applied ointment is the best translation.

Because in Turkish, sürmek is the normal verb used for putting substances onto a surface, especially things like:

• merhem = ointment
• krem = cream
• losyon = lotion
• ruj = lipstick
• boya = paint

So merhem sürmek is the standard way to say to apply ointment.

Because merhem here is an indefinite direct object.

In Turkish:

• bare noun object = nonspecific or indefinite
• accusative-marked object = specific, definite object

So:

• merhem sürdü = she applied some ointment
• merhemi sürdü = she applied the ointment / she put on the specific ointment

In this sentence, the bare form sounds natural.

The subject is annem = my mother.

Turkish verbs show person, and subjects are often stated only when needed. Here the noun annem is included, so the meaning is clear:

• annem merhem sürdü = my mother applied ointment

There is no need for a separate pronoun like o = she.

Because Turkish often leaves subject pronouns out when the meaning is already clear.

English usually needs:

• She applied ointment

Turkish often just says:

• merhem sürdü

And if the speaker wants to say who did it, they can add the noun:

• annem merhem sürdü

A separate o would usually only be added for emphasis or contrast.

It is an intransitive verb meaning to get hurt or to be hurt.

That means the thing affected is the grammatical subject:

• Bileğim incindi = My wrist got hurt

A related verb is:

• incitmek = to hurt someone/something

So compare:

• Bileğim incindi = My wrist got hurt
• Birisi bileğimi incitti = Someone hurt my wrist

That is a very natural Turkish pattern.

Turkish often treats the body part itself as the thing that got hurt:

• Bileğim incindi = My wrist got hurt

English often prefers:

• I hurt my wrist

Both express nearly the same idea, but Turkish commonly structures it around the body part rather than the person.

The comma separates the time clause from the main clause:

• Bileğim incinince, = When my wrist got hurt,
• annem merhem sürdü. = my mother applied ointment.

It makes the sentence easier to read. In Turkish, this comma is common in writing when a subordinate clause comes first.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, although some orders sound more neutral than others.

The given sentence:

• Bileğim incinince, annem merhem sürdü.

A possible alternative:

• Annem, bileğim incinince merhem sürdü.
• Annem bileğim incinince merhem sürdü.

The original version is very natural because it sets the time first: When my wrist got hurt...

Because Turkish normally puts the main finite verb at the end of the clause.

So the basic pattern is often:

• time/background information
• subject/object
• verb

Here:

• Bileğim incinince = background/time
• annem = subject
• merhem = object
• sürdü = verb

That final-verb pattern is one of the most important features of Turkish sentence structure.

Yes, but the nuance changes.

• incinmek often suggests getting hurt, feeling sore, or a relatively general injury
• yaralanmak is more clearly to be injured/wounded

So:

• Bileğim incinince = when my wrist got hurt
• Bileğim yaralanınca = when my wrist was injured

For a minor everyday injury, incinmek sounds very natural.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

• bi-ლე-yim in-jin-in-jeh — but more accurately in Turkish sounds

More usefully:

• bileğim: the ğ is usually soft; it does not sound like a hard g
• incinince: the c is like English j in jam

So:

• incinince sounds roughly like in-jee-nin-je

The best thing to remember is that ğ usually softens or lengthens the vowel rather than adding a strong consonant sound.