Cuma akşamı markete uğrayınca bir çikolata almadan edemiyorum.

Cuma akşamı is the normal Turkish way to say Friday evening.

The -ı is not an accusative ending here. It is part of an indefinite noun compound:

• Cuma akşamı = Friday evening
• öğle yemeği = lunch
• yaz tatili = summer vacation

So Cuma modifies akşamı, and the second noun takes that compound ending.

Also, Turkish usually does not use a separate word for English on in time expressions like this. So Cuma akşamı already means on Friday evening.

By itself, Cuma akşamı can refer to:

• a specific Friday evening, or
• Friday evening(s) in general

The context decides.

In this sentence, the overall feeling is habitual/repeated, because of:

• uğrayınca = when/whenever I stop by
• edemiyorum = I can’t help doing it / I end up doing it

So the sentence is naturally understood as something like Whenever I stop by the market on Friday evening(s), I can’t help buying a chocolate.

If the speaker wanted to make the repeated meaning even clearer, they could say Cuma akşamları = on Friday evenings.

Because the verb uğramak normally takes the dative case, not the accusative.

• markete uğramak = to stop by the market
• eve uğramak = to stop by the house
• okula uğramak = to stop by the school

So:

• market = market
• markete = to the market / by the market

Here, -e marks the place being visited briefly.

Uğrayınca comes from uğramak + -ınca/-ince.

It means:

• when
• once
• sometimes whenever

So markete uğrayınca means when I stop by the market or whenever I stop by the market, depending on context.

Formation:

• dictionary form: uğramak
• stem used here: uğra-
• because the suffix begins with a vowel, Turkish inserts y
• so: uğra + yınca → uğrayınca

In this sentence, whenever I stop by the market is the most natural interpretation.

We know from the verb ending.

• edemiyorum = I cannot / I can’t
• the ending -um shows first person singular

Turkish often leaves pronouns out when the verb already shows the subject clearly.

So:

• Ben ... edemiyorum = I can’t ...
• ... edemiyorum = still I can’t ...

Also, in a sentence like this, the uğrayınca clause usually has the same subject unless another subject is stated.

So the whole sentence is understood as:

• When I stop by the market on Friday evening, I can’t help buying a chocolate.

This is a very common Turkish pattern:

-madan / -meden edememek

It means:

• to be unable to refrain from doing
• to be unable to resist doing
• to can’t help doing

So:

• almadan edemiyorum = I can’t help buying
• more literally: I can’t manage not to buy

The parts are:

• almak = to buy
• almadan = without buying / not buying
• edemiyorum = I can’t do/manage

But you should learn the whole pattern as an idiom:

• gülmeden edememek = can’t help laughing
• bakmadan edememek = can’t help looking
• sormadan edememek = can’t help asking

Because this is an idiomatic structure.

The negatives are:

• almadan = without buying / not buying
• edemiyorum = I can’t do

Together, they do not simply cancel each other in a mathematical way. Instead, the whole expression means:

I cannot avoid buying one.
or
I can’t help buying one.

A rough English parallel would be:

• I can’t not buy one

So even though the form contains negatives, the real meaning is compulsion or irresistibility.

Yes. In Turkish, bir çikolata is natural and usually means:

• a chocolate
• a chocolate bar
• a piece of chocolate

English is a bit pickier about countability here, so in natural English you might translate it as:

• a chocolate bar
• some chocolate
• a piece of chocolate

depending on the situation.

In Turkish, çikolata is flexible enough that bir çikolata almak sounds completely normal.

Because bir çikolata is an indefinite, non-specific direct object.

In Turkish:

• bir çikolata almak = to buy a chocolate / some chocolate, not a specific one
• çikolatayı almak = to buy the chocolate / a specific chocolate already known

The accusative ending often marks a definite or specific object.

So here:

• bir çikolata = any chocolate, one chocolate, not previously identified
• çikolatayı would suggest a particular chocolate

That is why the sentence uses bir çikolata.

The -yor form in Turkish does more than English -ing.

It can express:

• something happening right now
• a habitual action
• a general tendency

In this sentence, it is best understood as habitual or repeated, not as something happening only this second.

So:

• edemiyorum here means something like I can’t help doing it / I always end up doing it

Because the sentence includes Cuma akşamı and uğrayınca, the meaning is clearly a recurring pattern.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, and changing it usually changes emphasis, not the basic meaning.

The sentence as given is quite natural:

• Cuma akşamı markete uğrayınca bir çikolata almadan edemiyorum.

This puts the final focus on the verb phrase almadan edemiyorum.

You could move things around for emphasis, for example:

• Markete Cuma akşamı uğrayınca bir çikolata almadan edemiyorum.
• Bir çikolata almadan edemiyorum, Cuma akşamı markete uğrayınca.

But the original version is a good, neutral way to say it.

One thing usually stays the same: the main finite verb, here edemiyorum, normally comes near the end.