Bu çiçekler güneşte kalınca soluyor.

Bu itself can mean this or these. Turkish does not change the form of bu for singular vs. plural.

You understand it as these here because the noun çiçekler is plural:

• bu çiçek = this flower
• bu çiçekler = these flowers

So the plurality is shown by the noun, not by bu.

The ending -ler / -lar is the regular Turkish plural suffix.

Here:

• çiçek = flower
• çiçekler = flowers

It appears as -ler rather than -lar because of vowel harmony. The last vowel in çiçek is e, so the front-vowel version -ler is used.

The ending -de / -da / -te / -ta is the locative suffix, often meaning in, on, or at.

So:

• güneş = sun
• güneşte = in the sun / under the sun / in sunlight

Here it expresses the place or condition where the flowers are left.

The form is -te rather than -de because ş is a voiceless consonant, and Turkish often changes d to t after voiceless consonants.

Because the base word is güneş, not güneş with a changed vowel. The word is spelled güneş, and when you add the locative suffix, it becomes:

• güneş + te → güneşte

So the ş stays, and the suffix is added normally.

Kalınca comes from the verb kalmak, which often means to stay, to remain, or to be left.

The ending -ınca / -ince / -unca / -ünce often gives a meaning like:

• when
• once
• if/when it happens that

So güneşte kalınca means something like:

• when they stay in the sun
• when left in the sun
• once they are in the sun for a while

In this sentence, it has a conditional-temporal feel: when this happens, the result is that they wilt.

Not exactly.

• kalınca = when/once it stays, often describing something that happens as a regular result
• kalırsa = if it stays, more explicitly conditional

So:

• Bu çiçekler güneşte kalınca soluyor. = When these flowers stay in the sun, they wilt.
• Bu çiçekler güneşte kalırsa solar. = If these flowers stay in the sun, they will wilt / they wilt.

In many contexts they can feel similar, but -ınca often sounds more like a repeated or natural consequence, while -ırsa highlights the condition more directly.

Soluyor is the present continuous form:

• solmak = to wilt
• soluyor = is wilting / wilts

In Turkish, the present continuous can also be used for habitual or general situations, not only for something happening right this second.

So here soluyor can mean:

• they wilt
• they are wilting in that situation

If you used solar, that would be the aorist, which often expresses general truths or habitual behavior too. Both can work in some contexts, but soluyor often feels a bit more vivid or descriptive of what happens.

The subject is bu çiçekler = these flowers, which is plural, but Turkish often uses a singular third-person verb form with plural non-human subjects.

So soluyor is completely natural here.

Turkish can mark plural on verbs in some cases, especially with human subjects:

• Çocuklar geliyor. = The children are coming.
• Çocuklar geliyorlar. = also possible, but often less neutral depending on context

With non-human plurals like flowers, singular verb agreement is very common and natural:

• Çiçekler soluyor.

Turkish has no direct equivalent of the English definite article the.

Whether something is understood as the flowers, these flowers, or just flowers depends on context and on words like bu.

Here bu çiçekler already makes the noun definite and specific:

• bu çiçekler = these flowers

So no extra article is needed.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, although Subject + other information + verb is very common.

The neutral order here is:

• Bu çiçekler güneşte kalınca soluyor.

You might also see different orders for emphasis, such as:

• Güneşte kalınca bu çiçekler soluyor.

That version puts more focus on when they stay in the sun. The verb usually stays near the end in normal Turkish sentence structure.

It is not a rigid idiom, but it is a very natural combination.

• güneşte = in the sun
• kalmak = stay / remain / be left

So güneşte kalmak means to stay in the sun or to be left in the sun.

Turkish often uses kalmak in this way to describe something remaining in a place or condition:

• Dışarıda kaldı. = It stayed outside / It was left outside.
• Arabada kaldı. = It stayed in the car / It was left in the car.

The dictionary form is solmak, meaning to wilt, to fade, or to lose freshness/color, depending on context.

In this sentence it refers to flowers, so to wilt is the most natural meaning.

The form breaks down like this:

• sol- = verb stem
• -uyor = present continuous marker

So:

• solmak = to wilt
• soluyor = is wilting / wilts

Usually it sounds like a general fact or repeated result:

• When these flowers stay in the sun, they wilt.

So it is not necessarily talking about just one single occasion. It can mean this is what normally happens to these flowers.

That general sense comes from the combination of:

• kalınca = when/once they stay
• soluyor = they wilt / are wilting

Together they describe a typical consequence.