Bugün dirseğim masaya çarptı, şimdi biraz acıyor.

Yes:

• Bugün = today
• dirseğ-im = my elbow
  • base noun: dirsek = elbow
  • possessive suffix: -im = my
• masa-ya = to/against the table
  • base noun: masa = table
  • dative suffix: -ya
• çarp-tı = hit / bumped
  • past tense, 3rd person singular
• şimdi = now
• biraz = a little / a bit
• acı-yor = hurts / is hurting

So the structure is very close to:

• Today my elbow hit the table; now it hurts a little.

That is why the Turkish sentence may feel slightly different from the most natural English phrasing.

Because dirseğim is formed from dirsek + the 1st person singular possessive suffix (-im, meaning my), and the final k often changes to ğ before a vowel-initial suffix.

So:

• dirsek = elbow
• dirsek + im → dirseğim = my elbow

Two things are happening:

1. Possession is shown with a suffix, not a separate word like my.
2. The final k softens to ğ before the suffix.

This kind of sound change is very common in Turkish.

Because çarpmak in this meaning usually takes the thing you bump into in the dative case.

So:

• masa = table
• masa-ya = to the table / against the table

After a noun ending in a vowel, Turkish often inserts a buffer consonant y before the suffix:

• masa + a → masaya

In this sentence, masaya çarpmak means to bump into the table or to hit against the table.

Because the grammatical subject here is dirseğim (my elbow), not I.

So Turkish is literally saying:

• My elbow hit the table.

Since dirseğim is 3rd person singular, the verb is also 3rd person singular:

• çarptı = it hit / it bumped

If the subject were I, then you would use:

• çarptım = I hit / I bumped

This is a very common difference between Turkish and English: Turkish may make the body part the subject, where English often prefers I.

Yes, absolutely.

That version means:

• I hit my elbow against the table.

Here the structure is different:

• dirseğimi = my elbow in the accusative
• çarptım = I hit

So the two sentences are similar in meaning, but not identical in structure:

• Dirseğim masaya çarptı = My elbow hit/bumped the table
• Dirseğimi masaya çarptım = I hit my elbow against the table

Both are natural. The first focuses more on the elbow as what made contact. The second focuses more on you as the person involved.

Because Turkish often expresses those ideas through suffixes and context.

In this sentence:

• dirseğim already means my elbow
• the speaker does not need to say ben (I) unless they want emphasis

So Turkish often avoids words that English would include.

Compare:

• dirseğim = my elbow
• benim dirseğim = my elbow with extra emphasis, like my elbow specifically

And for the subject:

• Ben bugün dirseğimi masaya çarptım. = I hit my elbow on the table today.
• But usually just Dirseğimi masaya çarptım is enough.

Because the sentence describes:

1. a completed event in the past
2. a current result/state happening now

So:

• çarptı = hit / bumped
  This happened earlier.
• acıyor = hurts / is hurting
  This is true now.

That is very natural Turkish:

• Bugün dirseğim masaya çarptı = the bump happened
• şimdi biraz acıyor = now it hurts

Using -yor here is like saying the pain is currently ongoing.

Here, acıyor means it hurts or it’s hurting.

The verb is acımak, which can describe physical pain, especially something that stings, aches, or hurts after contact or injury.

In this sentence:

• şimdi biraz acıyor = now it hurts a little

It refers to the elbow, even though dirseğim is not repeated.

Both can relate to pain, but they are not always used in exactly the same way.

A simple practical distinction is:

• acımak often fits immediate pain, stinging, smarting, or pain from a recent impact
• ağrımak often fits a more general ache

So after bumping your elbow, acıyor sounds very natural.

Examples:

• Elim acıyor. = My hand hurts.
• Başım ağrıyor. = My head aches / I have a headache.

That said, real usage can overlap, and context matters. But in this sentence, acıyor is a very good choice.

Yes, it is omitted because it is understood.

After the first clause, the listener already knows what is being talked about: the elbow.

So Turkish does not need to repeat it:

• şimdi biraz acıyor = now it hurts a little

If you wanted to make it explicit, you could say:

• Şimdi dirseğim biraz acıyor.

But leaving it out is completely natural.

Turkish word order is fairly flexible, but different orders change the focus or emphasis.

The given sentence is very natural:

• Bugün dirseğim masaya çarptı, şimdi biraz acıyor.

Why it feels natural:

• Bugün and şimdi set the time clearly
• the main verbs come near the end of each clause, which is typical in Turkish

You could rearrange parts, for example:

• Dirseğim bugün masaya çarptı, şimdi biraz acıyor.

This is still grammatical, but the emphasis shifts slightly.

So the short answer is:

• No, the word order is not completely fixed
• but the original version is a very normal, natural way to say it

Biraz means a little or a bit.

In this sentence:

• şimdi biraz acıyor = now it hurts a little

It softens the statement and shows the pain is not very strong.

Its position here is very natural: it comes before the verb it modifies.

Compare:

• Biraz acıyor. = It hurts a little.
• Şimdi biraz acıyor. = Now it hurts a little.

So biraz works much like a little in English, even though the exact position in the sentence may differ.