Sen gelene kadar ben parkta bekleyeceğim.

In this sentence, gelene kadar means until you come.

A useful learner breakdown is:

• gel- = come
• -en
• -e
• kadar = until / up to

You do not need to master the full technical analysis right away; the main pattern to remember is:

• verb + -(y)ene kadar = until someone does that verb

So:

• gelene kadar = until (someone) comes
• gidene kadar = until (someone) goes
• bitene kadar = until it finishes

Because the subject here is sen, it means until you come.

Because kadar is a postposition in Turkish, not a preposition.

English uses prepositions before a word, like until you come.
Turkish often uses postpositions after the word or phrase they belong to, so you get:

• gelene kadar = until coming / until (someone) comes

This same thing happens in many other expressions:

• buraya kadar = up to here
• akşama kadar = until evening
• yarına kadar = until tomorrow

So kadar naturally comes after gelene.

In this pattern, Turkish usually shows the subject separately:

• sen gelene kadar = until you come
• Ali gelene kadar = until Ali comes
• annem gelene kadar = until my mother comes

So the person is understood from the noun or pronoun before gelene kadar, not from a normal finite verb ending like gelirsin or geliyorsun.

This is one of those cases where Turkish uses a subordinate-clause form instead of a full independent verb form.

Yes, they are often omitted.

Turkish verb endings usually make the subject clear, so this sentence could also be said as:

• Sen gelene kadar parkta bekleyeceğim.
• Gelene kadar parkta bekleyeceğim.
  if context already makes it clear that you are the one coming

And ben is especially optional because bekleyeceğim already means I will wait.

When speakers include sen and ben, it often adds:

• emphasis
• contrast
• clarity

So Sen gelene kadar ben parkta bekleyeceğim has a slight feeling of:

• As for me, I’ll wait in the park until you come.

Parkta means in the park or at the park.

It is:

• park = park
• -da / -de / -ta / -te = locative suffix, meaning in / at / on

The reason it becomes -ta here is consonant assimilation. Since park ends in the voiceless consonant k, the suffix also uses a voiceless consonant:

• park + da does not happen
• park + ta = parkta

Compare:

• evde = at home
• okulda = at school
• parkta = in the park
• dolapta = in the cupboard

Bekleyeceğim means I will wait.

It breaks down like this:

• bekle- = wait
• -yecek / -acak = future tense
• -im = first person singular, I

So:

• bekleyeceğim = I will wait

The y appears because the verb stem bekle- ends in a vowel, and Turkish often inserts a buffer consonant between vowels.

You can compare:

• geleceğim = I will come
• arayacağım = I will call
• bekleyeceğim = I will wait

Because Turkish normally prefers verb-final word order.

A neutral Turkish sentence often puts the main verb last. So the order here is:

• Sen gelene kadar = until you come
• ben = I
• parkta = in the park
• bekleyeceğim = will wait

That is completely normal Turkish structure.

English and Turkish organize sentences differently, so a word-for-word English order would sound unnatural. But in Turkish, putting bekleyeceğim at the end is the expected pattern.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, although some orders sound more neutral than others.

For example, these are all possible:

• Sen gelene kadar parkta bekleyeceğim.
• Parkta sen gelene kadar bekleyeceğim.
• Ben sen gelene kadar parkta bekleyeceğim.

The meaning stays basically the same, but the focus changes.

Very roughly:

• putting parkta earlier emphasizes the place
• putting ben earlier emphasizes I
• keeping bekleyeceğim at the end is the most neutral pattern

So the original sentence is natural, but not the only possible order.

They are not the same.

• gelene kadar = until you come
• gelince = when you come / once you come

So:

• Sen gelene kadar ben parkta bekleyeceğim.
  = I will wait in the park until you come.

But:

• Sen gelince ben parkta olacağım.
  = When you come, I will be in the park.

A learner mistake is to mix up until and when, so this is an important distinction.

Yes. Gelinceye kadar is another common way to say until you come.

So these are both possible:

• Sen gelene kadar ben parkta bekleyeceğim.
• Sen gelinceye kadar ben parkta bekleyeceğim.

They are very close in meaning. In everyday learning, you can treat them as alternatives for until in this kind of sentence.

Many learners find gelene kadar a bit shorter and easier to remember, so it shows up a lot in beginner material.

That is a great question, because Turkish and English handle wait differently.

In Turkish:

• seni bekleyeceğim = I will wait for you
• parkta bekleyeceğim = I will wait in/at the park

In this sentence, sen gelene kadar already tells us whose arrival matters, so Turkish does not need to add seni.

The original sentence means that the speaker will remain waiting in the park until the other person arrives. That is perfectly natural Turkish.

If you wanted, you could also say something like:

• Seni parkta bekleyeceğim. = I will wait for you at the park.

But that is slightly different in structure from the original sentence.