Ben markete yürüyerek gidiyorum.

That’s right: Turkish often omits subject pronouns because the verb already shows the person.

In gidiyorum, the ending already tells you the subject is I:

• gidiyorum = I am going

So Ben markete yürüyerek gidiyorum and Markete yürüyerek gidiyorum both mean the same basic thing.

Adding Ben usually gives:

• emphasis: I’m going to the market on foot.
• contrast: I am going, not someone else.

In many everyday situations, leaving out Ben sounds more natural.

Markete means to the market.

The ending -e is the dative case, which is often used for movement toward a place.

So:

• market = market
• markete = to the market

This is very common with verbs like gitmek (to go):

• okula gidiyorum = I am going to school
• eve gidiyorum = I am going home
• markete gidiyorum = I am going to the market

A useful comparison:

• markette = in/at the market
• marketten = from the market
• markete = to the market

Because of vowel harmony.

The dative ending is:

• -e
• or -a

Which one you use depends on the last vowel in the word.

In market, the last vowel is e, which is a front vowel, so the dative ending is -e:

• market + e = markete

Compare:

• okul → okula
• ev → eve
• park → parka
• şehir → şehre

So markete is the correct vowel-harmony form.

Yürüyerek means by walking, walking, or on foot, depending on how you translate it naturally.

It comes from the verb yürümek (to walk) plus the suffix -(y)erek / -(y)arak, which often means:

• by doing
• while doing

So:

• yürümek = to walk
• yürüyerek = by walking / walking

In this sentence, it tells you the manner of going:

• Ben markete yürüyerek gidiyorum = I am going to the market by walking / on foot

This is a very common Turkish pattern.

• gidiyorum is the main verb: I am going
• yürüyerek explains how you are going: by walking

So the sentence is not saying two separate actions in the same way English might. It is more like:

• I am going to the market by walking
• more naturally in English: I’m going to the market on foot

Turkish often uses this structure to show the manner of an action:

• koşarak geldi = he came running
• gülerek konuştu = she spoke smiling / with a smile
• arabayla gitmek = to go by car
• yürüyerek gitmek = to go on foot

Yes, you could, but the meaning shifts slightly.

• Markete yürüyorum = I am walking to the market
• Markete yürüyerek gidiyorum = I am going to the market on foot

These are often very similar in practice, but the focus is a bit different:

• yürüyorum makes walking the main action
• gidiyorum makes going to the destination the main action, and yürüyerek adds the method

So yürüyerek gidiyorum can sound a little more like I’m going there by walking / on foot.

Gidiyorum is in the present continuous tense.

It is formed from:

• git- = go
• -iyor = present continuous
• -um = I

So:

• gidiyorum = I am going

In context, it can mean:

• I am going
• I’m on my way
• sometimes, depending on context, something close to I go

But the most direct meaning here is:

• I am going to the market on foot

Because the verb stem changes in this form.

The dictionary form is:

• gitmek = to go

But when certain endings are added, the t often becomes d before a vowel:

• gitmek → gidiyorum
• not gitiyorum

This happens with a few common verbs in Turkish, such as:

• etmek → ediyorum
• tatmak → tadıyorum

So gidiyorum is just the correct conjugated form of gitmek in the present continuous.

You can break it down like this:

• git- / gid- = verb stem, go
• -iyor = present continuous
• -um = I

So:

• gidiyor = he/she/it is going
• gidiyorum = I am going

Other forms:

• gidiyorsun = you are going
• gidiyor = he/she is going
• gidiyoruz = we are going
• gidiyorsunuz = you are going
• gidiyorlar = they are going

Not completely. Turkish word order is flexible, although the verb often comes at the end.

Your sentence:

• Ben markete yürüyerek gidiyorum

Other possible versions:

• Markete yürüyerek gidiyorum
• Yürüyerek markete gidiyorum
• Ben yürüyerek markete gidiyorum

These all mean roughly the same thing, but the emphasis changes:

• putting Ben first highlights the subject
• putting yürüyerek earlier can emphasize the manner
• putting markete earlier can emphasize the destination

The version with the verb at the end is the most standard Turkish pattern.

Most naturally, it means:

• I’m going to the market on foot

Because gidiyorum is present continuous, it usually suggests:

• an action happening now
• or something currently in progress / a current trip

If you wanted a more general or habitual meaning, Turkish would often use the aorist instead:

• Ben markete yürüyerek giderim = I go to the market on foot

So:

• gidiyorum = I’m going
• giderim = I go / I usually go

Yes, absolutely.

A very natural version is:

• Markete yürüyerek gidiyorum.

Because gidiyorum already means I am going, the pronoun is not necessary.

Turkish speakers often leave pronouns out unless they want:

• emphasis
• contrast
• extra clarity

So both are correct:

• Ben markete yürüyerek gidiyorum.
• Markete yürüyerek gidiyorum.

The second one is often the more natural everyday choice.