Learn Hardcore Turkish: Marangoz sabah ölçü alıp yeni rafı takacak. - The carpenter will take measurements in the morning and install the new shelf.

Turkish has no articles. Marangoz can mean either, depending on context.
Sentence-initial bare profession nouns are usually understood as definite/known: Marangoz ... ≈ the carpenter (we both know who).
To make it clearly indefinite, use Bir marangoz sabah ölçü alıp..., or move it after the verb in a general statement: Sabah bir marangoz ölçü alıp...

Why does yeni rafı have -ı? What changes if I drop it?

-ı/-i/-u/-ü is the accusative; it marks a definite, specific direct object.
yeni rafı takacak = he will install the new shelf (a particular one).
Drop it for an indefinite object: yeni bir raf takacak = he will install a new shelf (unspecified). yeni raf takacak is also heard, meaning new shelf(s) in general; adding bir makes singular clear.

What exactly does -acak/-ecek express here?

It is the future tense; common for plans, schedules, or predictions.
It can imply intention: takacak ≈ will install / is going to install.
You can add -dır/-dir for formal, scheduled certainty: takacaktır (often in announcements).

How is takacak formed morphologically?

Stem: tak- (to attach/install)
Suffix: future -(y)ecek/-acak; after the back vowel a, it becomes -acak.
Person: 3rd singular has zero ending, so tak-acak = takacak.

What does ölçü alıp mean, and why not just ölçmek?

ölçü almak is an idiom meaning to take measurements, especially in trades/installation contexts.
ölçmek is the basic verb to measure.
Both work: sabah ölçüp yeni rafı takacak is fine. ölçü almak sounds especially natural in everyday speech for this context.

What is the role of -ıp/-ip/-up/-üp in ölçü alıp?

It’s a converb linking actions by the same subject, usually in sequence.
ölçü alıp ... takacak = he will take measurements and then install.
Comparisons:
- ve: ölçü alacak ve takacak (and) — neutral listing, less tightly sequential.
- -erek/-arak: ölçerek takacak — by measuring (manner), not necessarily step 1 → step 2.
- Negative sequence: ölçü almadan takacak = he will install without taking measurements.

Can I change the word order? Where can sabah go?

Time adverbs are flexible. All of these are natural, with slight focus differences:
- Marangoz sabah ölçü alıp yeni rafı takacak.
- Sabah marangoz ölçü alıp yeni rafı takacak.
- Marangoz ölçü alıp sabah yeni rafı takacak. (focus on the time)
The finite verb (takacak) normally stays at the end in neutral statements.

Does sabah here mean tomorrow morning?

sabah means in the morning; with the future tense, listeners infer the next relevant morning. If you speak in the evening, it usually means tomorrow morning.
To be explicit, say yarın sabah.
For habitual mornings, use sabahları.

What about sabahleyin, sabahları, and sabahtan?

sabahleyin: in the morning (stylistic variant of sabah).
sabahları: in the mornings (habitual).
sabahtan: from the morning / early in the morning (often implies starting in the morning).

Why is it rafı, not rafi?

Vowel harmony: the accusative is -ı/-i/-u/-ü. After a back vowel (a in raf), use -ı: rafı.
Note the dotless ı, a separate vowel from i.

Any pronunciation tips for this sentence?

c in takacak = English j (jam).
ç in ölçü = ch (church).
ı in rafı, alıp, takacak = close/back/unrounded; similar to the a in about, but shorter and without r-coloring.
ö in ölçü = German ö/French eu (front rounded).
ü in ölçü = German ü/French u (front rounded).

Is takmak the right verb for installing a shelf?

Yes. takmak covers attach/put on/mount; with shelves, it means to install on a wall.
Alternatives:
- monte etmek, montaj yapmak: mount/assemble (more technical).
- kurmak: set up/assemble (e.g., furniture).
- asmak: hang (for things that literally hang).

Could I say the whole thing with two finite verbs instead of -ıp?

Yes: Marangoz sabah ölçü alacak ve yeni rafı takacak.
Using -ıp feels tighter and is very natural for sequential, same-subject actions.

How do I make it a question or negative?

Yes–no question: Marangoz sabah ölçü alıp yeni rafı takacak mı?
Negative: Marangoz sabah ölçü alıp yeni rafı takmayacak.
Negative of the first action: Marangoz sabah ölçü almadan yeni rafı takacak.

How can I add more steps like come, measure, and install?

Is a comma needed before alıp?

No. Turkish normally does not use a comma before -ıp/-ip; the flow is smooth without it.