Learn Hardcore Turkish: Kurutma sıcak havada daha hızlı.

Here kurutma is a deverbal noun (a gerund) meaning “drying” or “the process of drying.” It does not refer to a machine (“dryer”) here but to the action or process itself.

Why isn’t there an article like “the” or “a” before kurutma?

Turkish does not have indefinite or definite articles like a, an, or the. A bare noun can represent either a general or specific concept, and context tells you whether it’s “drying” in general or “the drying” you have in mind.

What is the suffix -da in havada, and why is it used?

The suffix -da is the locative case marker, equivalent to English in or on. So sıcak havada literally means “in hot/warm weather.”

Why is it havada and not havadA or havata?

Turkish suffixes follow vowel harmony. Hava ends in the vowel a, a back, unrounded vowel, so the locative suffix is -da (not -te or -ta). Consonants don’t change here because hava ends in a vowel.

How is “faster” expressed by daha hızlı?

Turkish uses daha + adjective to form the comparative (“more …”). Here hızlı means “fast,” so daha hızlı is “more fast,” i.e. “faster.”

Why isn’t there a verb like “is” or “be” in the sentence?

Turkish often drops the copula in the present and past when the predicate is an adjective or noun. Nominal sentences like Kurutma sıcak havada daha hızlı. are perfectly grammatical without –dır or var.

Could you make the sentence more formal by adding a copula?

Yes. You could say:
Kurutma sıcak havada daha hızlıdır.
Here -dır is the formal/explicit present copula (“is”).

Is the word order fixed in this sentence?

Turkish word order is fairly flexible, but the default is Subject–(Time–Place–Manner)–Predicate.
“Kurutma” (subject), “sıcak havada” (place), “daha hızlı” (manner/adverbial adjective as predicate) works naturally. You could also say Sıcak havada kurutma daha hızlıdır, especially in more formal contexts, but you generally keep the adjective phrase near the predicate.