Learn Hardcore Turkish: Grafikteki renkli sütunlar değerlerin dağılımını gösteriyor. - The colorful columns in the graph show the distribution of the values.

grafik = graph
-te = locative case (“in/on”)
-ki = relative suffix (“which is…”)
Together grafikteki means “the one(s) which is/are in the graph.”

What does the suffix -ki do in grafikteki?

The suffix -ki attaches to a noun (often with a case ending) to turn the whole phrase into an adjective or pronoun. Here it turns grafikte (“in the graph”) into “the one(s) in the graph.”

Why is değerlerin in the genitive case?

In Turkish, a possessor noun takes the genitive case before the possessed noun. değerler (“values”) becomes değerlerin (“of the values”) to show that dağılım (“distribution”) belongs to them.

Why does dağılımını include an -n- (instead of just dağılımı)?

Here two suffixes collide: the 3rd-person possessive suffix (its distribution) and the accusative suffix (definite object). They merge into -ını. So dağılımını = dağılım + [-ı(possessive)&-ı(accusative)] = “its/the distribution (as a definite object).”

What suffix creates renkli from renk, and why does the adjective come before sütunlar?

-li is an adjectival suffix meaning “with” or “having.” renk + -li = renkli (“colored”). In Turkish, adjectives always precede the nouns they modify, so renkli sütunlar = “colored columns/bars.”

How is the present continuous tense formed in gösteriyor?

Start with the verb stem göster- (“to show”). Add the present‐continuous suffix -iyor (vowel‐harmonized from –iyor because of the front vowel e). For 3rd-person singular there is no extra personal ending. So göster + iyor = gösteriyor (“(it) is showing/shows”).

Why is the verb gösteriyor at the end of the sentence?

Turkish is an SOV (Subject–Object–Verb) language. Subjects and objects come before the verb, which appears last. Here:
Subject = Grafikteki renkli sütunlar,
Object = değerlerin dağılımını,
Verb = gösteriyor.