Breakdown of Bu otomobilin tasarımı hem fonksiyonel hem de estetik.
olmak
to be
bu
this
tasarım
the design
estetik
aesthetic
Questions & Answers about Bu otomobilin tasarımı hem fonksiyonel hem de estetik.
What is the role of bu in Bu otomobilin tasarımı?
bu is a demonstrative determiner meaning “this.” It directly modifies otomobil, so bu otomobil = “this car.”
Why does otomobilin end with -in and tasarımı with -ı?
This is the standard Turkish genitive-possessive construction:
- otomobil-in = otomobil (car) + genitive suffix -in, i.e. “of the car.”
- tasarım-ı = tasarım (design) + 3rd-person singular possessive suffix -ı, i.e. “its design.”
Together Bu otomobilin tasarımı means “the design of this car.”
Why isn’t there a verb like “is” in the sentence?
In Turkish, the present-tense copula (“to be”) is usually omitted in nominal sentences. You simply state X Y, where English requires “X is Y.” Here Bu otomobilin tasarımı hem fonksiyonel hem de estetik literally reads “The design of this car both functional and aesthetic,” implying “is.”
What does the structure hem … hem de mean?
hem … hem de is a correlative conjunction meaning “both … and.”
• Place hem before the first adjective and hem de before the second.
• Example: hem fonksiyonel hem de estetik = “both functional and aesthetic.”