Çamurlu kuyu duvarlarını temizlemek için traktörden ödünç aldığımız kürek ve kazma çok işe yaradı.

A useful way to break it up is:

• Çamurlu kuyu duvarlarını temizlemek için = in order to clean the muddy well walls
• traktörden ödünç aldığımız kürek ve kazma = the shovel and pickaxe that we borrowed from the tractor
• çok işe yaradı = was very useful / came in very handy

So the overall pattern is:

[purpose phrase] + [subject noun phrase] + [predicate]

Turkish often puts long descriptive material before the main verb, so the verb yaradı comes at the end.

Çamurlu means muddy or covered with mud.

It is an adjective made from:

• çamur = mud
• -lu / -li / -lı / -lü = having / with

So çamurlu literally means with mud.

In this sentence, it describes kuyu duvarlarını — the well walls. So the idea is the muddy walls of the well.

This is a very common question, because Turkish noun combinations do not always work like English of phrases.

Here, kuyu duvarları is a standard noun compound meaning:

• well walls
• walls of the well

In Turkish, compounds like this often use:

• first noun bare: kuyu
• second noun with a compound ending: duvarları

So kuyu duvarları is perfectly normal.

If you said kuyunun duvarları, that would sound more explicitly like the walls of the well in a more specific, fully possessed sense. It is possible in some contexts, but kuyu duvarları is the more natural compound-like expression here.

This form can look confusing because several things are happening at once.

Start with:

• duvar = wall
• kuyu duvarları = well walls

In the compound kuyu duvarları, the second noun takes the compound/possessive-looking ending -ları.

Then this whole noun phrase is the definite direct object of temizlemek (to clean), so it also takes the accusative ending:

• duvarları
  • -nı → duvarlarını

That n is a buffer consonant.

So here duvarlarını does not necessarily mean his/her/their walls. In this sentence it is best understood as:

• the well walls (as a specific object)
• more literally, the accusative form of kuyu duvarları

Temizlemek için means in order to clean or for cleaning.

It is built from:

• temizlemek = to clean
• için = for

This is a very common Turkish pattern:

• yapmak için = in order to do
• görmek için = in order to see
• almak için = in order to take/buy

So:

• kuyu duvarlarını temizlemek için = in order to clean the well walls

It expresses purpose.

Traktörden means from the tractor or off the tractor.

It comes from:

• traktör = tractor
• -den / -dan / -ten / -tan = from

This is the ablative ending, which often shows:

• movement away from something
• source
• origin

So traktörden ödünç aldığımız means that we borrowed from the tractor / that we took from the tractor as a loan/borrowed item.

Exactly how natural that sounds in English depends on the context, but grammatically the meaning is straightforward: the tools came from the tractor.

This is one of the most important grammar points in the sentence.

First, ödünç almak is a fixed expression meaning to borrow.

• ödünç = loan / borrowed
• almak = to take

Together:

• ödünç almak = to borrow

Then aldığımız means that we took / that we borrowed with we as the doer.

It comes from:

• al- = take
• -dık / -dik / -duk / -dük = participle/relative-clause ending
• -ımız / -imiz / -umuz / -ümüz = our / we marker here

So aldığımız means:

• that we took
• that we borrowed

Therefore:

• traktörden ödünç aldığımız kürek ve kazma = the shovel and pickaxe that we borrowed from the tractor

Because Turkish relative clauses normally come before the noun they describe.

English:

• the shovel and pickaxe that we borrowed

Turkish:

• borrowed-by-us shovel and pickaxe
• ödünç aldığımız kürek ve kazma

This is very normal in Turkish. The descriptive clause is placed first, and the noun comes after it.

So if you see a form like aldığımız, gördüğüm, yaptıkları, etc., it often introduces a relative clause that modifies the following noun.

Because it comes before the whole coordinated noun phrase:

• kürek ve kazma = shovel and pickaxe

In Turkish, a modifier placed before X ve Y usually applies to both nouns unless context says otherwise.

So:

• traktörden ödünç aldığımız kürek ve kazma

is understood as:

• the shovel and the pickaxe that we borrowed from the tractor

not just the shovel alone.

Because the sentence is talking about one shovel and one pickaxe as a pair of tools.

Turkish does not need to make them plural just because there are two different items joined by ve (and). The structure is simply:

• kürek = shovel
• kazma = pickaxe/mattock
• kürek ve kazma = shovel and pickaxe

If the speaker meant multiple shovels and multiple pickaxes, they could say:

• kürekler ve kazmalar

But that is not what this sentence suggests.

This is very normal in Turkish.

With inanimate subjects, especially when they form a set or pair, Turkish often uses a singular verb even if English would think of the subject as plural.

So:

• kürek ve kazma çok işe yaradı

is natural Turkish: the shovel and pickaxe were very useful

Using a plural verb here would sound less natural in ordinary speech. Turkish is generally much less strict than English about matching plural subjects with plural verb forms, especially with non-human subjects.

İşe yaramak is an idiomatic expression meaning:

• to be useful
• to be of use
• to come in handy

It is built from:

• iş = work / job / use
• -e = dative ending
• yaramak = to serve, to be good for

So literally it is something like to be good for use/work.

In real English, you would usually translate:

• çok işe yaradı as was very useful or came in very handy

Çok means very here.

It intensifies the whole expression işe yaradı:

• işe yaradı = it was useful
• çok işe yaradı = it was very useful / it helped a lot

So çok is not just saying many or much in a literal quantity sense here. It is functioning as an adverb of degree, like very.

Yes. A fairly literal breakdown would be:

• Çamurlu = muddy
• kuyu duvarlarını = the well walls
• temizlemek için = in order to clean
• traktörden = from the tractor
• ödünç aldığımız = that we borrowed
• kürek ve kazma = shovel and pickaxe
• çok işe yaradı = was very useful

So, word-for-word-ish:

In order to clean the muddy well walls, the shovel and pickaxe that we borrowed from the tractor were very useful.

That is not the only possible English wording, but it shows how the Turkish pieces fit together.