Toplantıda sunduğum argümanlar ekip arkadaşlarımın düşüncelerini etkiledi.

(The arguments I presented at the meeting influenced my teammates’ opinions.)

Breakdown of Toplantıda sunduğum argümanlar ekip arkadaşlarımın düşüncelerini etkiledi.

• benim: my
• toplantı: the meeting
• sunmak: to present
• -da: in
• argüman: the argument
• ekip arkadaş: the teammate
• düşünce: the opinion
• etkilemek: to influence

Questions & Answers about Toplantıda sunduğum argümanlar ekip arkadaşlarımın düşüncelerini etkiledi.

What does the locative suffix -da in Toplantıda indicate, and why is there an n in it?

The suffix -da/-de marks the locative case in Turkish, equivalent to “at/in/on” in English.
• Vowel harmony: toplantı ends in a back unrounded vowel ı, so we choose -da.
• Insertion of n: Because toplantı ends in a vowel, an n is added to prevent two vowels from clashing.
Thus toplantı + n + da = Toplantıda, meaning “at the meeting.”

How is the relative clause sunduğum (“that I presented”) formed?

You build it in steps:

1. Verb root sun- (“to present”).
2. Add the simple past tense suffix -du (vowel-harmonized): sun + du = sundu (“presented”).
3. Insert the linking consonant ğ before a vowel-initial person suffix: sundu + ğ = sunduğ-.
4. Attach the 1st person singular suffix -um: sunduğ + um = sunduğum, meaning “that I presented.”
   In Turkish, a participial form like this stands in front of a noun to create a relative clause.

Why is there no accusative suffix on argümanlar in Toplantıda sunduğum argümanlar?

argümanlar is the subject of the main clause (“The arguments … influenced …”). In Turkish, only direct objects take the accusative suffix -(y)I when they are definite or specific. Subjects remain unmarked whether they’re definite or not.

What role does ekip arkadaşlarımın play, and why does it end in -ın?

ekip arkadaşlarımın is in the genitive case and serves as the possessor of düşünceler (“thoughts”).
• arkadaşlarım means “my friends/colleagues.”
• Adding -ın (vowel-harmonized genitive suffix) gives arkadaşlarımın, “of my colleagues.”
So ekip arkadaşlarımın düşünceleri = “the thoughts of my team members.”

Why does düşüncelerini carry both -i and -ni?

There are two suffixes on düşünceler (“thoughts, plural”):

1. -i = 3rd person singular possessive suffix, because the possessor is “my team members.”
2. -nı/ -ni = accusative case suffix for a vowel-final word.
   Combining them:
   düşünceler + i (possessive) = düşünceleri
   düşünceleri + ni (accusative; n inserted because it ends in a vowel) = düşüncelerini
   Meaning “their thoughts” as the direct object of etkilemek.

Why is the verb etkiledi in the past tense, and how does it agree with the subject?

etkilemek means “to influence.”
• etkile- = verb root
• -di = simple past tense suffix
• No additional person suffix is needed, because Turkish drops 3rd person singular endings in the past tense.
Thus etkile + di = etkiledi, “it influenced.” The subject “arguments” is 3rd person plural, but Turkish doesn’t overtly mark plural subjects on the verb.

How does the word order in Toplantıda sunduğum argümanlar ekip arkadaşlarımın düşüncelerini etkiledi compare to English?

Turkish is an S-O-V (Subject-Object-Verb) language.
• Subject: Toplantıda sunduğum argümanlar (“The arguments I presented at the meeting”)
• Object: ekip arkadaşlarımın düşüncelerini (“my team members’ thoughts”)
• Verb: etkiledi (“influenced”)
In English we say:
Subject + Verb + Object.
In Turkish:
Subject + Object + Verb.

Turkish has no articles like “the” or “a.” How do you know if argümanlar or düşüncelerini is definite or indefinite?

Turkish relies on context and case marking:
• Direct objects that are definite/specific take the accusative suffix -(y)I (e.g., düşüncelerini).
• Subjects do not take accusative, so argümanlar can still be definite even without an article or suffix.
Context (mentioning “the arguments I presented”) tells us they’re specific.