Learn Hardcore Turkish: Pencere kırık.

In Turkish, the copula (the verb to be) is often omitted in simple present statements that describe a state. When you want to say “The window is broken,” you simply put the noun and a predicate adjective together. The “is” is understood, so Pencere kırık literally reads as Window broken but means The window is broken.

What part of speech is kırık in this sentence?

Here kırık is an adjective describing the state of the window. Although kırık can also function as a noun (“a broken piece”), in Pencere kırık it works as a predicate adjective.

Why does the adjective come after the noun in Pencere kırık?

When an adjective is used predicatively (i.e. with an implied to be), it follows the noun in Turkish. The basic ordering is subject + (implied copula) + adjective, so you get Pencere (subject) + kırık (predicate adjective).

Why is there no article like the or a before pencere?

Turkish does not have definite or indefinite articles. Nouns stand alone, and whether they’re specific or general is determined by context or added words (like demonstratives).

What case is pencere in, and how do I know it’s the subject?