Breakdown of Lütfen izin almadan laboratuvara girmeyiniz.
lütfen
please
girmek
to enter
laboratuvar
the laboratory
-ya
to
-madan
without
izin
the permission
almak
to obtain
Elon.io is an online learning platform
We have an entire course teaching Turkish grammar and vocabulary.
Questions & Answers about Lütfen izin almadan laboratuvara girmeyiniz.
What is the function of lütfen in this sentence?
Lütfen is a politeness marker equivalent to “please” in English. It’s typically placed before a request or command to make it more courteous.
How is izin almadan constructed and what does it literally mean?
- izin means “permission.”
- al- is the verb root “to take/get.”
- -madan is a suffix attached to a verb root to form an adverbial clause meaning “without doing [verb].”
Literally, izin almadan = “without taking permission.”
Why does laboratuvara end with -a instead of -da or another suffix?
The verb girmek (“to enter”) requires its object in the dative case when indicating movement toward a place. The dative singular suffix is -a (or -e after front vowels), so laboratuvar + -a = laboratuvara, “to/into the laboratory.”
What is the meaning and grammatical form of girmeyiniz?
- gir- is the root “enter.”
- -me- negates the verb (“not enter”).
- -yi̇niz is the 2nd-person plural/formal negative imperative ending.
So girmeyiniz = “do not enter” addressed politely to multiple people or formally to one person.
Could we use girmeyin instead of girmeyiniz, and if so, what’s the difference?
Yes. girmeyin is the standard 2nd-person plural or informal polite negative imperative (“you (all) do not enter”). girmeyiniz adds extra formality or respect, which is common on official signs and notices.
What part of speech is the clause izin almadan, and how does it function here?
izin almadan is an adverbial participle clause (also called a negative gerund clause). It modifies the main verb to express “without [doing something],” explaining the precondition for the main action.
Is there another way to express “without permission” in Turkish?
Yes. You can use izinsiz, an adjective meaning “unauthorized” or “without permission.” For example:
- İzinsiz laboratuvara girmeyiniz.
This conveys essentially the same prohibition but uses an adjective instead of the verb-based clause.