Learn Hardcore Turkish: Bu evin temeli sağlam. - The foundation of this house is solid.

In Turkish, possession is typically shown through suffixes. In this sentence, "evin" is "ev" (meaning house) with the genitive suffix -in, indicating "of the house". Meanwhile, "temeli" is "temel" (meaning foundation) with the third-person singular possessive suffix -i that agrees with the possessor. Together, they form a double possessive, meaning "the foundation of the house."

Why is there no linking verb (such as is) present in the sentence?

Turkish often omits the present form of the verb to be in simple descriptive sentences. The adjective "sağlam" (meaning solid) on its own implies the state of being. This omission is standard practice, making "Bu evin temeli sağlam." a complete sentence without an explicit is.

How does vowel harmony influence the suffixes in "evin" and "temeli"?

Turkish applies vowel harmony to ensure that the vowels within a word are consistent in quality. For "evin," the genitive suffix appears as -in because the vowels in "ev" require a front vowel ending. Similarly, "temel" receives the possessive suffix -i to harmonize with its vowels. This rule helps maintain a smooth and natural flow in pronunciation.

Can you break down the meaning of each word in this sentence?

Certainly: • "Bu" means "this." • "evin" comes from "ev" (house), with -in indicating possession, so it translates as "of the house." • "temeli" derives from "temel" (foundation), with -i marking that the foundation belongs to the house. • "sağlam" means "solid." Altogether, the sentence means "The foundation of this house is solid."

How does Turkish's double possessive structure compare to English expressions of possession?

In English, possession is expressed either by using an apostrophe with s (as in "the house's foundation") or by a prepositional phrase (as in "the foundation of the house"). Turkish, in contrast, uses a double possessive construction where the possessor takes the genitive suffix (yielding "evin") and the possessed noun takes a corresponding possessive suffix (yielding "temeli"). This method embeds the relationship directly into the words without using separate words like "of" or articles such as "the."