Learn Hardcore Turkish: Geçen hafta kursu bitirince bana bir sertifika verildi. - Last week, after I finished the course, I was given a certificate.

Geçen hafta translates to "last week". It tells us when the action happened, indicating that the event took place during the week before the current one.

How is kursu bitirince formed and what does it imply?

Kursu is the noun "kurs" (course) with the accusative suffix -u, which marks it as the object (i.e., "the course"). Bitirince comes from "bitirmek" (to finish) with the suffix -ince, implying "when" or "after". Together, kursu bitirince conveys the idea of "once the course was finished" or "after finishing the course".

Why is verildi in the passive form and what does it indicate?

Verildi is the past tense, passive form of "vermek" (to give), meaning "was given." The passive voice is used in Turkish to highlight the action (the giving of the certificate) rather than focusing on who performed the action. In this sentence, the agent (the giver) is omitted because it is not considered important or is not specified.

What role does bana play in this sentence?

Bana means "to me" and functions as the indirect object of the sentence. It clearly indicates that the certificate was given to the speaker.

What is the significance of the word bir in bir sertifika verildi?

Bir is the Turkish equivalent of the indefinite article "a" in English. It is used to indicate that a certificate was given, without implying that it was a specific or previously mentioned certificate.

How does the structure of this Turkish sentence differ from typical English sentence order?

In Turkish, time expressions like Geçen hafta and adverbial clauses such as kursu bitirince are commonly placed at the beginning of the sentence, with the main clause following afterward. English, however, usually positions such temporal details towards the end of the sentence. Despite this difference in word order, both languages maintain the same logical sequence of events.