Hava soğuk, bu nedenle ben dışarı çıkmıyorum.

to be

Breakdown of Hava soğuk, bu nedenle ben dışarı çıkmıyorum.

• soğuk: cold
• ben: I
• hava: the weather
• çıkmak: to go out
• dışarı: outside
• bu nedenle: therefore

Questions & Answers about Hava soğuk, bu nedenle ben dışarı çıkmıyorum.

What does the phrase bu nedenle mean, and how is it used in the sentence?

Bu nedenle translates to "therefore" or "for this reason." It connects the cause stated in the first clause (Hava soğuk – the weather is cold) to the effect in the second clause (ben dışarı çıkmıyorum – I am not going out).

How is the negative form of the verb çıkmıyorum constructed, and what tense does it represent?

Çıkmıyorum is built from the verb çıkmak (to go out). To form its negative present continuous form, the negative suffix -mı (which appears as -mıyor here due to vowel harmony) is added before the personal ending -um (indicating the first person singular). This construction means "I am not going out."

Why is the pronoun ben included even though the verb ending already indicates the first person?

In Turkish, the verb conjugation clearly shows the subject, so pronouns are often omitted. However, including ben can serve to emphasize the subject or add clarity. In this sentence, it stresses that I, specifically, am not going out.

What does dışarı mean, and what role does it play in the sentence?

Dışarı means "outside." It functions as an adverb specifying the direction of the action, indicating that the speaker is not going out into the external environment.

How does the sentence structure in Turkish differ from English in this example?

In Turkish, adjectives like soğuk (cold) typically follow the noun they describe as seen in Hava soğuk (weather cold), which contrasts with English structure. Additionally, Turkish frequently uses suffixes on verbs to denote tense and negation instead of using auxiliary verbs. Despite these differences, the sentence’s logical flow—stating a condition and then its consequence—is similar to English.

What is the significance of the comma in the sentence?

The comma after Hava soğuk separates the two independent clauses. It clarifies the connection between the cause (the weather is cold) and the effect (I am not going out), much like punctuation in English helps demarcate separate ideas for easier comprehension.