Chefen vill avsluta mötet före lunch.

Because chefen is the definite form, meaning the boss / the manager.

In Swedish, nouns usually add a suffix to show definiteness:

• en chef = a boss / a manager
• chefen = the boss / the manager

So Chefen vill ... means The boss wants ...

Vill is the present tense of vilja (to want).

A very common pattern in Swedish is:

• subject + vill + infinitive

So here:

• Chefen = the boss
• vill = wants
• avsluta = to end / to conclude

Together: Chefen vill avsluta ... = The boss wants to end ...

Because after vill, Swedish normally uses the bare infinitive.

In English, we say:

• wants to end

But in Swedish, after modal-like verbs such as vill, you usually do not use att:

• vill avsluta = wants to end

Compare:

• Jag vill gå. = I want to go.
• Hon vill äta. = She wants to eat.

So avsluta is an infinitive, but it appears without att after vill.

Avsluta is the infinitive form of the verb.

Its basic meaning is to finish, to end, to conclude. In this sentence, it means something like end or conclude.

A few related forms:

• att avsluta = to end
• avslutar = ends / is ending
• avslutade = ended
• avslutat = ended / finished (supine or participial use depending on context)

In the sentence, it stays in the infinitive because it follows vill.

Because mötet is the definite form of möte, meaning the meeting.

This noun is an ett-word:

• ett möte = a meeting
• mötet = the meeting

So:

• avsluta mötet = end the meeting

This is a very common pattern in Swedish, where definiteness is usually shown at the end of the noun.

Unfortunately, in Swedish you often need to learn the gender together with the noun.

So it is best to memorize nouns like this:

• ett möte
• en chef
• en lunch or just lunch in many contexts

Then the definite forms become easier:

• ett möte → mötet
• en chef → chefen

A useful rule of thumb is: always learn a noun with en or ett, not by itself.

Yes, innan could also work in many cases, but före is especially common before a noun phrase.

Here, lunch is a noun, so:

• före lunch = before lunch

A useful distinction:

• före often comes before a noun
• innan often introduces a clause or can also be used more generally

Examples:

• före lunch = before lunch
• innan vi äter lunch = before we eat lunch

So in this sentence, före is a very natural choice.

Because Swedish often uses certain time expressions without an article, especially for meals and general times of day.

So:

• före lunch = before lunch
• efter lunch = after lunch

This is similar to English, where we also usually say before lunch, not before the lunch.

If you were talking about a specific lunch in a special context, Swedish could use a definite form, but in ordinary everyday use, lunch without an article is completely natural here.

The basic word order is:

• Chefen = subject
• vill = finite verb
• avsluta mötet = infinitive verb phrase
• före lunch = time expression

So the structure is:

Subject + finite verb + infinitive + object + time phrase

This is very normal Swedish main-clause word order.

You can think of it as:

• The boss | wants | to end the meeting | before lunch

Yes. Swedish often moves time expressions to the front, but then the finite verb must stay in second position.

For example:

• Före lunch vill chefen avsluta mötet.

This still means the same thing, but the emphasis is a bit different: before lunch is highlighted more.

Notice what happens:

• first comes Före lunch
• then the finite verb vill
• then the subject chefen

This is a classic example of Swedish V2 word order in main clauses.

Not always. Chef can mean boss, manager, head, or chief, depending on context.

In everyday office language, chefen often means:

• the boss
• the manager

So while boss is a very natural translation here, the exact English word can vary depending on the situation.

Not exactly.

• avsluta often means to end something, to conclude, to bring something to a close
• sluta can mean to stop or to finish

In this sentence, avsluta mötet is especially natural because it refers to bringing the meeting to an end.

Compare:

• Vi avslutar mötet nu. = We are ending the meeting now.
• Han slutade arbeta klockan fem. = He stopped working at five.

So avsluta is a very good choice when the object is something like a meeting, a conversation, a discussion, a course, or a process.

The sentence as given is already very natural and neutral.

• Chefen vill avsluta mötet före lunch. = neutral, standard Swedish

A slightly more formal tone might use a different verb depending on context, but this sentence is perfectly appropriate in both speech and writing.

In casual spoken Swedish, people might sometimes choose simpler wording depending on situation, but there is nothing unnatural or overly formal about this version.