Fotografen på konserten stod framför scenen och filmade hela kvällen.

Because fotografen is the definite form of fotograf.

• fotograf = a photographer
• fotografen = the photographer

In Swedish, the definite article is often added as a suffix to the noun instead of being a separate word like English the.

So here, Fotografen means the photographer.

Because Swedish usually uses på for being at an event, such as:

• på konserten = at the concert
• på festen = at the party
• på mötet = at the meeting

English speakers sometimes expect i because they think of being physically inside something, but with events Swedish normally prefers på.

So på konserten is the natural way to say at the concert.

In this sentence, fotografen på konserten is most naturally understood as the photographer at the concert. So yes, på konserten is closely tied to fotografen.

The whole beginning works like one noun phrase:

• Fotografen på konserten = the photographer at the concert

Of course, the whole action also happens at the concert, but grammatically the phrase sits right after fotografen, so it most naturally describes which photographer we mean.

Framför means in front of.

So:

• framför scenen = in front of the stage

This is about physical position.

A useful contrast:

• framför = in front of, before someone’s eyes
• före = before, earlier than

So you use framför scenen for location, not före scenen.

For the same reason as fotografen: it is the definite form.

• scen = a stage
• scenen = the stage

In this context, it is a specific stage: the stage at that concert. So Swedish uses the definite form scenen.

Stod is the past tense of stå, which means to stand.

• stå = stand
• stod = stood

It is an irregular verb, so it does not form the past tense in a predictable -de or -te pattern.

So:

• han står = he is standing
• han stod = he stood / he was standing

Because the sentence describes two actions done by the same subject:

• stod framför scenen = stood in front of the stage
• och filmade hela kvällen = and filmed all evening

Swedish often links verbs this way with och (and). The subject fotografen applies to both verbs.

So the structure is:

• Fotografen ... stod ... och filmade ...
• The photographer ... stood ... and filmed ...

It can mean either, depending on context.

Swedish does not usually require a separate progressive form like English was filming. The simple past filmade can cover both:

• filmed
• was filming

In this sentence, because of hela kvällen (all evening), the natural English sense is often was filming all evening, since it sounds like an ongoing activity.

Because Swedish often expresses duration without a preposition.

• hela kvällen = all evening / the whole evening
• hela dagen = all day
• hela natten = all night

English often says for the whole evening, but Swedish usually just says hela kvällen.

So:

• filmade hela kvällen = filmed all evening / was filming the whole evening

Because hela often combines naturally with a definite noun in expressions like this:

• hela dagen = the whole day / all day
• hela veckan = the whole week / all week
• hela kvällen = the whole evening / all evening

So kvällen is not unusual here. It is the normal Swedish pattern.

It can sound a little surprising to an English speaker, but it is not necessarily wrong.

Usually:

• fotograf = photographer
• filma = to film / record video

So the sentence may suggest that this photographer was also recording video. In real life, that is completely possible. Also, in some contexts fotograf can be used more broadly for someone working with a camera.

So the combination is a bit notable, but still perfectly understandable.

Yes. Swedish often allows that, but the word order must change because of the V2 rule in main clauses.

You could say:

• På konserten stod fotografen framför scenen och filmade hela kvällen.

Notice what happens:

• When På konserten comes first, the verb stod must come next.
• Then the subject fotografen comes after the verb.

That is normal Swedish main-clause word order:

• first position: På konserten
• second position: stod
• then: fotografen

So both versions are possible, but the focus changes slightly.