Fläcken på soffan är fortfarande där.

Because fläcken is the definite singular form: the stain.

• en fläck = a stain
• fläcken = the stain

Swedish usually adds the definite article as an ending on the noun, instead of putting a separate word like the in front.

For the same reason: soffan means the sofa.

• en soffa = a sofa
• soffan = the sofa

So på soffan means on the sofa, not just on a sofa.

Because both refer to specific things:

• fläcken = the stain
• soffan = the sofa

So Fläcken på soffan means the stain on the sofa.

This is not unusual in Swedish. Each noun is marked for definiteness on its own. It is not some special construction here; it is simply one definite noun phrase containing another definite noun phrase.

It is mainly describing which stain.

The sentence is best understood like this:

• [Fläcken på soffan] = the stain on the sofa
• [är fortfarande där] = is still there

So på soffan is part of the subject phrase. It identifies the stain.

That matters because the sentence is not just saying The stain is on the sofa. It is saying that sofa stain is still there.

Fortfarande means still.

So:

• är fortfarande = is still

It shows that the situation has not changed. The stain was there before, and it is there now too.

That is the normal word order in a Swedish main clause.

Swedish usually puts:

1. the subject first
2. the finite verb second
3. sentence adverbs like fortfarande after that

So:

• Fläcken = subject
• är = finite verb
• fortfarande = adverb

This makes Fläcken på soffan är fortfarande där a very natural neutral sentence.

Där means there.

In this sentence, it means the stain remains in that place. So är fortfarande där means is still there.

It sounds very natural in Swedish, just as still there does in English.

Because där means there, while här means here.

The choice depends on perspective:

• här = here, near the speaker
• där = there, farther away or viewed as not being here

In many situations, där is the natural choice when referring to something existing in a place already mentioned.

Yes, but it is a little different.

• Fläcken är fortfarande på soffan = The stain is still on the sofa
• Fläcken på soffan är fortfarande där = The stain on the sofa is still there

The original sentence uses på soffan to identify which stain, then says that stain is still there.

So the difference is mainly about structure and emphasis.

Yes.

In Swedish main clauses, the finite verb usually comes in second position. Here the first element is the whole subject phrase:

• Fläcken på soffan = first element
• är = second element

That fits the usual Swedish V2 pattern.

It is an en word:

• en fläck
• fläcken

Some useful forms are:

• en fläck = a stain
• fläcken = the stain
• fläckar = stains
• fläckarna = the stains

A simple learner-friendly approximation is:

• fläcken ≈ FLEK-en
• är ≈ something like ehr

A few helpful points:

• ä is roughly like the vowel in English bed, though not exactly the same.
• In fläcken, the ck shows that the vowel before it is short.
• är is a very common word, so it is worth practicing early.

Yes. A common alternative is:

• Fläcken på soffan är fortfarande kvar.

Here kvar means something like still remaining / still there.

Both are natural, but there is a slight nuance:

• fortfarande där = still there
• fortfarande kvar = still remaining, still not gone

Both work well in everyday Swedish.