Dammet på bordet är fortfarande där.

Because dammet is the definite form of damm.

• damm = dust
• dammet = the dust

In Swedish, unlike English, the definite article is often added as an ending to the noun rather than written as a separate word.

Here, Dammet på bordet means the dust on the table.

Also, damm is a neuter noun (an ett-word), so its definite singular ending is -et:

• ett damm = a dust / dust
• dammet = the dust

For the same reason: bordet is the definite form of bord.

• bord = table
• bordet = the table

So:

• på bordet = on the table

Since bord is also a neuter noun (ett bord), the definite singular ending is -et.

Because both nouns are referring to something specific:

• dammet = the dust
• bordet = the table

Swedish does this very naturally. If you are talking about specific dust on a specific table, both nouns can be definite.

So the sentence is literally:

• Dammet = the dust
• på bordet = on the table
• är fortfarande där = is still there

På means on.

So:

• på bordet = on the table

This is one of the most common Swedish prepositions. It often corresponds to English on, but like all prepositions, it does not always match English perfectly in every expression. In this sentence, though, it is a straightforward match.

Är means is / are / am, depending on context. It is the present tense of vara, which means to be.

Examples:

• Jag är = I am
• Du är = you are
• Det är = it is
• Dammet är där = the dust is there

Swedish does not change the verb for different persons in the present tense, so är is used with all subjects.

Fortfarande means still.

In this sentence:

• är fortfarande där = is still there

It shows that the situation has not changed. The dust was there before, and it remains there now.

A very natural English translation is:

• The dust on the table is still there.

Because där means there, and placing it at the end is the normal word order here.

The structure is:

• Dammet på bordet = subject
• är = verb
• fortfarande = adverb
• där = place/location

So the sentence follows a very normal Swedish pattern:

Subject + verb + adverb + place

Compare:

• Han är fortfarande hemma. = He is still at home.
• Boken ligger fortfarande där. = The book is still there.

Sometimes yes, but in this sentence är fortfarande där is the most natural order.

Swedish often places sentence adverbs like fortfarande after the verb in main clauses:

• Dammet är fortfarande där.

That is the standard pattern.

You may also see different word order in other sentence types, especially after a fronted element or in subordinate clauses, but for a basic statement, this version is exactly what a learner should expect.

Because Swedish usually expresses definiteness by attaching it to the noun.

English:

• the dust
• the table

Swedish:

• dammet
• bordet

This is one of the biggest structural differences between English and Swedish.

Swedish can also use a separate definite word in some cases, especially with adjectives:

• det stora bordet = the big table

But when there is no adjective, Swedish normally just uses the ending:

• bordet = the table

Yes, absolutely.

That sentence means:

• The dust is still on the table.

It is very close in meaning to:

• Dammet på bordet är fortfarande där. = The dust on the table is still there.

The difference is mainly in focus:

• Dammet är fortfarande på bordet focuses more directly on the location.
• Dammet på bordet är fortfarande där identifies the dust first, then says it is still there.

Both are natural, but the original sentence sounds a bit more like you are referring to a known thing: that dust on the table.

Usually no, not in this exact sentence.

Finns means something like exists / is present / there is.

For example:

• Det finns damm på bordet. = There is dust on the table.

But once you are talking about a specific thing, Swedish usually uses är:

• Dammet på bordet är fortfarande där.

So:

• Det finns damm på bordet = There is dust on the table.
• Dammet på bordet är där = The dust on the table is there.

That is an important difference.

A careful approximate pronunciation is:

DAHM-met poh BOOR-det air FOHRT-fah-ran-deh dair

A few notes:

• ä in är and där is a vowel English does not have exactly.
• rd in bordet is pronounced in a typically Swedish way, not like a clear English r + d.
• The stress is mainly on:
  • DAMmet
  • BORdet
  • fortFARande or often with a strong early stress depending on speaking style

If you are learning pronunciation, it is best to listen to native audio, because Swedish vowels and melody are very important.

A close breakdown is:

• Dammet = the dust
• på = on
• bordet = the table
• är = is
• fortfarande = still
• där = there

So literally:

The dust on the table is still there.

This is one of those sentences where the Swedish structure is very close to the English one, except for the definite endings on the nouns.