Mwishoni mwa somo, mwalimu aliandika hitimisho fupi kwenye ubao kuhusu matumizi ya vitabu na kamusi.

It breaks down like this:

mwisho = end
mwishoni = at the end, at the ending place or point
mwa somo = of the lesson

So Mwishoni mwa somo means at the end of the lesson.

A useful thing to remember is that somo can mean lesson, class, or sometimes subject, depending on context.

This is a very common learner question. In this expression, mwishoni is a locative form, and after locative expressions like this, Swahili often uses special connective forms. Here, the normal pattern is mwa.

So learners should get used to the whole chunk:

mwishoni mwa ... = at the end of ...

It is best to learn it as a set phrase at first, rather than trying to force it into the same pattern as every other of phrase.

aliandika can be divided into three parts:

a- = he or she
-li- = past tense
-andika = write

So aliandika means he wrote or she wrote.

In this sentence, the subject is mwalimu, so the verb means the teacher wrote.

Swahili does not use articles the way English does. There is no direct equivalent of a or the in most sentences.

So:

mwalimu can mean a teacher or the teacher
ubao can mean a board or the board

Context tells you which meaning is intended. In this sentence, English naturally uses the teacher and the board, but Swahili does not need special article words to show that.

In Swahili, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

hitimisho fupi = brief conclusion or short conclusion

This is the normal order in Swahili, unlike English, where adjectives usually come before the noun.

hitimisho belongs to noun class 5. Swahili adjectives usually agree with the noun class, but that agreement is not always very visible.

With the adjective stem -fupi, class 5 often shows no extra prefix, so you simply get:

hitimisho fupi

That is completely normal. In other words, agreement is there in the grammar, but with this kind of adjective, the form may look unchanged.

kwenye is a locative word that can mean on, in, or at, depending on the noun and the situation.

With ubao, the natural meaning here is:

kwenye ubao = on the board

That is the normal way to say someone wrote something on a board. English uses a very specific preposition here, but Swahili locative expressions are often broader in meaning.

kuhusu means about, concerning, or regarding.

It introduces the topic of the conclusion:

kuhusu matumizi ya vitabu na kamusi = about the use of books and dictionaries

So the teacher did not just write any conclusion. The teacher wrote a brief conclusion about that topic.

Here, matumizi means use or usage.

Then:

ya = of
vitabu = books
na = and
kamusi = dictionary or dictionaries, depending on context

So:

matumizi ya vitabu na kamusi = the use of books and dictionaries

An important detail: the ya agrees with matumizi, not with vitabu. It links the head noun matumizi to what is being used.

Grammatically, matumizi is in noun class 6, which often contains plural nouns, so yes, it has a plural-looking form.

But in actual meaning, matumizi often behaves like an abstract noun meaning use or usage. So even though it looks plural from a noun-class point of view, in English it is often translated with a singular abstract noun.

That is why matumizi can mean something like use rather than uses, depending on context.

Not always. kamusi is one of many Swahili nouns whose singular and plural forms are the same.

So:

kamusi = dictionary
kamusi = dictionaries

Context tells you which one is meant. In this sentence, because it appears with vitabu and talks about use in a general sense, the meaning is naturally understood as dictionaries or dictionary use in general.

The sentence can be rearranged more than in English, but the given order is very natural.

Starting with Mwishoni mwa somo puts the time information first:

At the end of the lesson, ...

That is a common and useful pattern in Swahili. If you moved it later, the sentence would still be understandable, but the emphasis would be a little different. The current version sounds smooth and normal.