Learn Hardcore Swahili: Mtaalamu anasema kusafisha mikono kabla ya kula ni muhimu. - The expert says washing hands before eating is important.

Mtaalamu means “expert” or “specialist.” In Swahili, most singular human nouns belong to noun class 1, which uses the prefix m- (occasionally mw- before vowels). Here m- marks “person,” and -taalamu is the root (borrowed from Arabic ta‘ālum, “learning”). Together they form the class 1 noun Mtaalamu.

Why is the verb anasema split into a-, na-, and -sema?

Swahili verbs are built from: • A subject prefix – here a- for a class 1 singular subject (“he/she/it”).
• A tense/aspect marker – here na- for present habitual or ongoing action.
• A verb stem – here sema (“say”).
Putting them together gives a-na-sema (“he/she says”). The full form Mtaalamu anasema… means “The expert says…”.

Why is kusafisha used instead of just safisha?

kusafisha is the infinitive (verbal noun) form “to clean.”
– ku- is the infinitive prefix (noun class 15).
– safisha is the causative form of safi (“clean”), meaning “make clean.”
Here kusafisha mikono (“cleaning hands” or “to clean hands”) functions as the object of anasema.

How does kabla ya kula work? Why is ya needed?

kabla means “before,” but when it precedes a noun or infinitive it requires the genitive connector. You attach:
– ya for class 15 or other appropriate class.
Since kula (“eating”/“to eat”) is an infinitive noun (class 15), you use kabla ya kula = “before eating.” Without ya, the phrase would be ungrammatical.

What role does ni play in ni muhimu?

ni is the copula “is/are” used in equational sentences. Here the structure is:
Subject (kusafisha mikono kabla ya kula) + ni + predicate adjective (muhimu).
So ni links the action (“cleaning hands before eating”) to its description (“important”).

Why isn’t muhimu inflected to agree with the subject in ni muhimu?

In positive equational sentences with ni, the predicate (adjective or noun) remains in its basic form and does not take a class agreement prefix. If you were to negate it, you’d use si instead (e.g. … si muhimu).

Why is mikono the word for “hands,” and what class is it?

Mikono is the plural of mkono (“hand”). Mkono belongs to class 3 (singular) with prefix m-, and its plural is class 4 with prefix mi-, giving mikono (“hands”).