La fachada está dañada.

Because Spanish usually uses estar for a state or condition, especially one that is seen as the result of something.

So La fachada está dañada means the facade is in a damaged condition.

If you used es dañada, it would sound unnatural here. Ser is more for identity, classification, or inherent characteristics, while estar + past participle/adjective often describes a current result:

• La puerta está cerrada = The door is closed.
• La ventana está rota = The window is broken.

So here, está dañada focuses on the facade’s current state.

Because it has to agree with fachada, which is a feminine singular noun.

In Spanish, many adjectives and past participles change to match the noun they describe:

• dañado = masculine singular
• dañada = feminine singular
• dañados = masculine plural
• dañadas = feminine plural

Since la fachada is feminine singular, the correct form is dañada.

Examples:

• El muro está dañado.
• La pared está dañada.
• Los edificios están dañados.
• Las casas están dañadas.

You mainly know it from the article: la fachada.

Also, many nouns ending in -a are feminine, and fachada is one of them. So it takes:

• la
• feminine adjectives: dañada, bonita, blanca, etc.

Example:

• La fachada blanca
• La fachada dañada

As always in Spanish, grammatical gender is something you usually learn together with the noun.

It is originally the past participle of dañar (to damage), but in this sentence it is functioning like an adjective.

That is very common in Spanish:

• está roto
• está cerrada
• están perdidos
• está dañada

These forms often describe the resulting condition of something.

So in La fachada está dañada, you can think of dañada as describing the facade’s current state, even though it comes from a verb.

Yes, but it means something slightly different.

• La fachada está dañada = the facade is damaged now; this describes its current condition
• La fachada fue dañada = the facade was damaged; this focuses on the event/action that happened to it

So:

• está dañada = state/result
• fue dañada = passive event in the past

In everyday Spanish, people often prefer other ways to express the event, such as:

• Dañaron la fachada = They damaged the facade
• La fachada se dañó = The facade got damaged / was damaged

Yes. Fachada can be literal or figurative.

Literal:

• the outside front of a building

Figurative:

• a false appearance, like English facade

For example:

• Todo era una fachada. = It was all a facade.

In La fachada está dañada, the most natural reading is the literal one unless context suggests otherwise.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

la fa-CHA-da es-TA da-NYA-da

A few key points:

• ch is like English ch in chair
• ñ sounds like ny in canyon
• está has stress on the last syllable: es-TA
• dañada is stressed on ña: da-NYA-da
• fachada is stressed on cha: fa-CHA-da

A more careful approximation: lah fah-CHAH-thah es-TAH dah-NYAH-thah in much of Spain, where z and soft c are pronounced with a th sound.
But in this sentence, that mainly affects nothing except how some speakers may pronounce certain d sounds softly between vowels.

In this sentence, la is the normal definite article: the.

So La fachada means the facade.

In Spanish, articles are used very often, and you normally would not omit it here. Saying just Fachada está dañada would be incorrect.

You could change the article if the meaning changes:

• La fachada está dañada. = The facade is damaged.
• Una fachada está dañada. = A facade is damaged.

But with the original sentence, la is the correct choice.

You can say Está dañada la fachada, but it is less neutral.

The normal, straightforward order is:

• La fachada está dañada.

If you change the order to:

• Está dañada la fachada.

it can sound more emphatic, literary, or context-driven, as if you are highlighting the facade specifically.

So for a learner, the safest default is the original order: subject + estar + adjective/past participle

Yes, but the meaning changes a bit.

• dañada = damaged; general term
• rota = broken; suggests something has physically broken
• deteriorada = deteriorated / worn; suggests gradual decline over time
• estropeada = damaged / not working properly, often for objects or machinery, less natural for a facade

For a building exterior, dañada is a very natural and flexible choice because it does not specify exactly how the damage happened.

Examples:

• La fachada está rota could sound odd unless some part of it is literally broken.
• La fachada está deteriorada suggests age, weather, neglect, etc.
• La fachada está dañada works well for many kinds of damage.

The base verb is dañar, which means to damage.

Its past participle is formed regularly:

• dañar → dañado / dañada / dañados / dañadas

This is like many -ar verbs:

• cerrar → cerrado
• terminar → terminado
• dañar → dañado

In the sentence:

• está dañada

you have:

• está = third person singular of estar
• dañada = past participle agreeing with fachada

So the structure is: [noun] + estar + [past participle used adjectivally]