El caballo blanco come paja en el establo.

El means the for a masculine singular noun. Here it goes with caballo (horse), so el caballo = the horse.

Spanish nouns have grammatical gender, so you choose the article to match:

• el = masculine singular
• la = feminine singular
• los = masculine plural
• las = feminine plural

Since caballo is masculine singular, el is the correct article.

In Spanish, adjectives often come after the noun, especially when they describe a basic, literal quality such as color.

So:

• caballo blanco = white horse

Putting blanco before the noun is unusual here and would sound poetic or stylistically marked. For normal everyday Spanish, caballo blanco is the standard order.

Because blanco has to agree with caballo.

Caballo is a masculine singular noun, so the adjective must also be masculine singular:

• caballo blanco
• not caballo blanca

If the noun were feminine, the adjective would change:

• la yegua blanca = the white mare

This is called adjective agreement.

Come is the third person singular present tense form of the verb comer (to eat).

The present tense forms are:

• yo como = I eat
• tú comes = you eat
• él/ella/usted come = he/she/you eat(s)

Since the subject is el caballo blanco, the verb must be come:

• El caballo blanco come = The white horse eats

Spanish often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb ending already gives a lot of information.

Here, the subject is stated explicitly as el caballo blanco, so adding él would be unnecessary:

• El caballo blanco come = natural
• Él come = He eats
• El caballo blanco él come = not natural in normal Spanish

Spanish usually avoids repeating the subject unless there is a special reason for emphasis or contrast.

Because paja here is being used in a general, uncountable sense, like hay in English.

So:

• come paja = eats hay

This is very natural in Spanish. You do not always need an article before a noun, especially when talking about something non-specific or a substance.

Compare:

• come paja = eats hay
• come la paja = eats the hay, meaning specific hay

En usually means in, on, or at, depending on context.
Here, en el establo means in the stable.

Breakdown:

• en = in
• el establo = the stable

So:

• en el establo = in the stable

It shows location: where the eating is happening.

Because in this sentence the noun is definite: the stable.

Spanish usually uses an article where English uses the, so:

• en el establo = in the stable

Without the article, en establo would sound incomplete or unnatural in standard Spanish.

Yes, Spanish word order is often more flexible than English, but this sentence uses the most neutral, standard order:

• El caballo blanco come paja en el establo.

That is:

• subject: el caballo blanco
• verb: come
• object: paja
• place: en el establo

Other orders may be possible for emphasis, but they are less neutral. For a learner, this version is the safest and most natural.

A simple Spain-friendly pronunciation guide is:

• ca = like ca in father, but shorter
• ba = bah
• llo = often sounds like yo in much of modern Spain

So caballo is roughly:

• kah-BAH-yo

A few notes:

• The stress is on ba: ca-BA-llo
• The ll is usually pronounced like a y sound in most modern accents
• Some speakers in parts of Spain may pronounce ll differently, but y is a good standard approximation for learners

A simple guide:

• blanco → BLAHN-ko
• come → KO-meh
• establo → es-TA-blo

A few helpful points:

• Spanish vowels are usually clear and short
• e sounds like eh
• o sounds like oh, but short
• The c in come is a hard k sound because it comes before o

Stress:

• BLAN-co
• CO-me
• es-TA-blo

Usually, nouns ending in -o are masculine, and establo is one of them:

• el establo

But -o = masculine is only a common pattern, not an absolute rule for every word in Spanish. Still, for establo, the pattern works.

Yes, but that means something different.

• El caballo blanco come paja en el establo.
  = The white horse eats hay in the stable.

• El caballo come paja en el establo blanco.
  = The horse eats hay in the white stable.

The adjective usually describes the noun right next to it, so moving blanco changes what it describes:

• caballo blanco = white horse
• establo blanco = white stable