Esa botella está en la mesa.

esa is a demonstrative adjective meaning “that” (feminine, singular). Demonstrative adjectives in Spanish agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. There are three proximity levels:

• este / esta – “this” (near the speaker)
• ese / esa – “that” (near the listener or at a medium distance)
• aquel / aquella – “that over there” (far from both speaker and listener)

Spanish uses ser and estar for different concepts:

• ser describes inherent or permanent traits (e.g. “Ella es alta.”)
• estar describes temporary states, conditions, emotions, or location (e.g. “La silla está rota,” “Estoy cansado,” “El libro está en la mesa.”)

Because we’re talking about location, we use estar → está en la mesa.

• en can translate as “in,” “on,” or “at,” depending on context.
• sobre and encima de specifically mean “on top of.”

All three are grammatically correct:

• La botella está en la mesa. (idiomatic, very common)
• La botella está sobre la mesa. (more formal)
• La botella está encima de la mesa. (emphasizes “on top”)

In Spanish, you normally include the definite article before a noun when specifying location or referring to a specific object:

• Correct: Está en la mesa.
• Incorrect: Está en mesa.

Also, mesa is a feminine noun, so you use la (singular feminine definite article).

Yes, inversion is possible but changes the emphasis or style:

• Standard: Esa botella está en la mesa. (neutral statement)
• Inverted: Está esa botella en la mesa. (more poetic, rhetorical, or used in questions for surprise)

Spanish defaults to Subject–Verb–(Complement), so the standard word order is most common.

• b in Spanish is softer than English “b” when it appears between vowels—it sounds a bit like a cross between “b” and “v.”
• ll in most of Spain sounds like the English “y” in “yes.”

So botella is pronounced roughly bo-te-‘ya (IPA: /boˈteʝa/).