La naturaleza cambia con la temporada.

In Spanish, abstract or general nouns often take the definite article more often than in English. So la naturaleza means nature in a general sense.

English often says:

• Nature changes with the season.

Spanish naturally says:

• La naturaleza cambia con la temporada.

Leaving out la here would sound less natural in standard Spanish.

Because the subject is la naturaleza, which is singular.

• la naturaleza = nature
• cambia = changes

So the verb has to match the singular subject.

A quick comparison:

• La naturaleza cambia = Nature changes
• Los paisajes cambian = The landscapes change

Cambia is the present simple form of cambiar for él / ella / usted.

Here it is used for a general truth or something that happens regularly, just like English present simple:

• La naturaleza cambia con la temporada.

Conjugation of cambiar in the present:

• yo cambio
• tú cambias
• él/ella/usted cambia
• nosotros cambiamos
• vosotros cambiáis
• ellos/ellas/ustedes cambian

Here con means something like with in the sense of along with or according to changes in.

So:

• cambia con la temporada = changes with the season

It suggests that when the season changes, nature changes too.

In English, with works similarly:

• Prices change with demand.
• Nature changes with the season.

Both words can relate to season, but they are not always used in exactly the same way.

• la estación usually means one of the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter
• la temporada can mean season in a broader sense, such as a period of the year associated with something

For talking about the four natural seasons, many learners are more likely to first meet:

• La naturaleza cambia con la estación.

But temporada can still work depending on context and nuance. It may sound a bit broader or less strictly tied to the formal four-season idea.

Yes, but the meaning shifts slightly.

• con la temporada = with the season / as the season changes
• según la temporada = depending on the season
• con cada temporada = with each season

Examples:

• La naturaleza cambia según la temporada.
  = Nature changes depending on the season.

• La naturaleza cambia con cada temporada.
  = Nature changes with each season.

These are all possible, but they are not identical in nuance.

Yes, Spanish word order is flexible, but this is the most neutral and natural order:

• subject + verb + complement
• La naturaleza
  • cambia
    • con la temporada

You could move parts for emphasis, for example:

• Con la temporada, la naturaleza cambia.

That is still understandable, but it gives a slightly different rhythm or emphasis. The original sentence is the most straightforward.

Because temporada is a feminine singular noun.

So it takes:

• la temporada

You can tell it is feminine because it commonly ends in -a, though that is not always a perfect rule.

Examples:

• la temporada
• la primavera
• la naturaleza

You usually learn noun gender together with the article:

• la naturaleza
• la temporada

A lot of nouns ending in -a are feminine, and both of these are. That is why other words referring to them would also be feminine.

For example:

• la naturaleza hermosa
• la larga temporada

The adjectives change to match the feminine noun.

It is very similar to English to change, but Spanish uses it in several patterns.

In this sentence:

• La naturaleza cambia = Nature changes

That is intransitive: the subject itself changes.

But cambiar can also be transitive:

• Cambió la decoración. = He/She changed the decoration.

And it can be used with objects or circumstances:

• El clima cambia rápido.
• Todo cambia con el tiempo.

So in your sentence, cambiar simply means that nature undergoes change.

A simple Spain Spanish pronunciation guide would be:

la na-tu-ra-LE-tha KAM-bya kon la tem-po-RA-da

A few useful points:

• z in naturaleza is pronounced like th in much of Spain
• c before a in cambia is a hard k sound
• stress falls on:
  • naturaLEza
  • CAMbia
  • temporaDA

If you speak Latin American Spanish, naturaleza would usually sound like:

• na-tu-ra-LE-sa

Yes. Even if the meaning is already clear, structurally it could match several natural English versions, such as:

• Nature changes with the season.
• Nature changes according to the season.
• Nature changes as the season changes.
• Nature changes depending on the season.

The exact best translation depends on context, but the Spanish grammar stays the same.

It is most naturally understood as a general statement.

Even though it says la temporada in the singular, Spanish often uses the singular to talk about a category in general.

So it means something like:

• nature changes as the season changes
• nature changes depending on the season

It does not necessarily mean only one particular season unless the wider context makes that clear.