Hay garrapatas y pulgas en todas las razas.

Hay means there is / there are and is used to say that something exists.

So Hay garrapatas y pulgas... means There are ticks and fleas...

Spanish uses estar for the location or condition of specific things, especially when those things are already identified:

• Hay garrapatas y pulgas en todas las razas. = There are ticks and fleas in all breeds.
• Las garrapatas y las pulgas están en el perro. = The ticks and fleas are on the dog.

So here, hay is the natural choice because the sentence is introducing the existence of ticks and fleas in a general way.

Because hay does not change for singular or plural in the present tense.

It can mean both:

• there is
• there are

Examples:

• Hay una pulga. = There is a flea.
• Hay pulgas. = There are fleas.

So even though garrapatas y pulgas is plural, hay stays the same.

In Spanish, after hay, it is very common to use nouns without articles when you mean them in a general, indefinite way.

So:

• Hay garrapatas y pulgas... = There are ticks and fleas...

This sounds natural and general.

If you said:

• Hay unas garrapatas y unas pulgas...

that would sound more like there are some ticks and some fleas, which is more specific and less natural for a broad statement like this one.

Because raza is a feminine noun.

Its forms are:

• singular: la raza
• plural: las razas

The word todo has to agree with the noun in gender and number:

• todo = masculine singular
• toda = feminine singular
• todos = masculine plural
• todas = feminine plural

So:

• todas las razas = all the breeds

Everything matches: feminine + plural.

Raza can mean race, but in many everyday contexts, especially with animals, it means breed.

So in a sentence like this, razas is usually understood as breeds.

That is important because race in English can sound very different from breed, and the Spanish word raza covers both meanings depending on context.

Here en means something like in, among, or across, depending on how you think about it in English.

So en todas las razas means that this is true in all breeds or across all breeds.

Spanish often uses en for this kind of general classification idea:

• Hay variaciones en todas las especies.
• Eso ocurre en muchos países.

So en is the normal preposition here.

Yes. That is completely correct.

Both versions are natural:

• Hay garrapatas y pulgas en todas las razas.
• En todas las razas hay garrapatas y pulgas.

The meaning is basically the same. The second version just puts more emphasis on en todas las razas.

Spanish word order is often more flexible than English when the grammar is still clear.

Yes.

You could also say:

• Hay pulgas y garrapatas en todas las razas.

That does not really change the core meaning. The order may depend on emphasis, rhythm, or what the speaker thinks of first.

In many lists, Spanish allows this kind of flexibility unless one order is more conventional in a specific context.

It is making a general statement.

That is one reason hay works so well here. It presents the idea that ticks and fleas exist across all breeds in general.

If you wanted to talk about specific, already known ticks and fleas, Spanish would more likely use definite articles and probably estar:

• Las garrapatas y las pulgas están en todas las razas.

But that sounds less natural for a broad fact. It sounds more like you are referring to particular ticks and fleas that have already been mentioned.

So the original sentence is general and indefinite.

Yes, the h in hay is silent.

Hay is pronounced roughly like the English word eye.

A couple of pronunciation notes from the sentence:

• hay → sounds like eye
• garrapatas → the rr is a strong rolled or trilled r
• pulgas → the g sounds like the g in go
• razas → in most of Latin America, the z sounds like an s

So in much of Latin America, razas sounds roughly like RAH-sas.