La conducción ósea no usa auriculares.

Because conducción ósea is a specific noun phrase, and in Spanish it is very common to use the definite article with general concepts or technologies.

So la conducción ósea means bone conduction as a concept or system.

English often drops the article in this kind of statement:

• Bone conduction does not use headphones.

Spanish usually keeps it:

• La conducción ósea no usa auriculares.

Conducción is a noun meaning conduction, and ósea is an adjective meaning bony / related to bone.

So:

• conducción = conduction
• ósea = bone-related

Together, conducción ósea is the standard way to say bone conduction.

Because ósea has to agree with conducción, and conducción is feminine.

In Spanish, adjectives usually match the gender and number of the noun they describe:

• el tejido óseo = bone tissue
• la conducción ósea = bone conduction

Since conducción is singular and feminine, the adjective is ósea.

The accent mark shows where the stress goes: Ó-se-a.

It also helps distinguish it from o sea, which is a completely different expression in Spanish.
That expression o sea means something like that is, I mean, or in other words.

So these are different:

• ósea = bone-related
• o sea = that is / in other words

Because the subject is singular: la conducción ósea.

The whole phrase la conducción ósea acts as one singular subject, so the verb must also be singular:

• La conducción ósea usa...
• La conducción ósea no usa...

If the subject were plural, then you would use usan:

• Estas tecnologías no usan auriculares.

In Spanish, no normally goes directly before the conjugated verb.

So:

• usa = uses
• no usa = does not use

That is the standard negation pattern:

• No tengo tiempo.
• No funciona.
• La conducción ósea no usa auriculares.

Because the sentence is making a general statement about what bone conduction does or does not use.

In Spanish, when speaking in a general, non-specific way, nouns often appear without an article after the verb:

• No usa auriculares = it does not use headphones
• Necesito agua = I need water
• Compra libros = she buys books

If you said los auriculares, it would sound more like specific headphones:

• No usa los auriculares = it does not use the headphones

If you said unos auriculares, it would mean some headphones / a pair of headphones:

• No usa unos auriculares convencionales = it does not use regular headphones

It is understood, but in much of Latin America, audífonos is often more common in everyday speech.

Common possibilities:

• auriculares
• audífonos
• sometimes cascos in some regions, though that can vary a lot

So this sentence is correct, but depending on the country, a learner may hear:

• La conducción ósea no usa audífonos.

Both are understandable. Auriculares is a good neutral vocabulary word.

Spanish can make a technology, method, or concept the subject of a sentence very naturally.

So la conducción ósea is being treated like bone-conduction technology or the bone-conduction system.

English does this too:

• Bone conduction does not use headphones.

It does not mean the abstract idea is literally acting like a person; it is just a normal way to describe how something works.

Yes, usar is broad and can mean use and sometimes wear, depending on the object.

With things like glasses, clothes, or accessories, Spanish often uses usar where English might say wear:

• Usa gafas. = He wears glasses.
• Usa sombrero. = She wears a hat.

With auriculares, usar works well for use / wear headphones.

So in this sentence, usa auriculares is completely natural.

A clear Latin American-style pronunciation would be roughly:

la kon-duk-SYON O-se-a no OO-sa au-ri-ku-LA-res

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• conducción is stressed on the last syllable: -ción
• ósea is stressed on the first syllable: Ó-se-a
• auriculares is stressed on la: au-ri-ku-LA-res

Also notice that ósea has three vowel sounds: ó-se-a.