El audiólogo revisa el audiograma después de la audiometría.

Because Spanish nouns have grammatical gender.

• el audiólogo is masculine
• el audiograma is masculine
• la audiometría is feminine

The article has to match the noun’s gender and number.

A useful pattern here:

• many nouns ending in -o are masculine
• many nouns ending in -a are feminine

But audiometría ends in -ía, which is also typically feminine.

Revisa is the third-person singular present indicative form of revisar.

So it can mean:

• he reviews/checks/examines
• she reviews/checks/examines
• it reviews/checks/examines
• or you review/check/examine in the formal usted form

In this sentence, it matches el audiólogo, which is third-person singular: one audiologist.

Because revisar is the infinitive, equivalent to English to review / to check.

In a normal complete sentence, Spanish usually needs a conjugated verb, not the infinitive by itself.

• revisar = to review
• revisa = reviews / checks / examines

So:

• El audiólogo revisar... is incorrect
• El audiólogo revisa... is correct

Yes, very often.

English speakers may think revisar means only to revise in the sense of to rewrite or edit. But in Spanish, revisar much more commonly means:

• to check
• to inspect
• to examine
• to review

In a medical context, revisar often means to examine or to look over carefully.

Because when después is followed by a noun or an infinitive, Spanish normally uses de.

Examples:

• después de la audiometría
• después de comer

So in this sentence, después de means after.

You can use después alone when the rest is understood or when it functions more like later / afterward:

• Primero hace la prueba y después revisa el audiograma.

They are related, but not the same thing.

• audiometría = the hearing test / audiometry, the procedure
• audiograma = the audiogram, the chart or result produced from the test

So the sentence is logically saying that the audiologist checks the result/chart after the test.

The accent marks show which syllable is stressed.

• audiólogo: stress falls on DIÓ
• audiometría: stress falls on RÍA

These written accents are important because they tell you how to pronounce the words correctly.

Very roughly:

• au-di-Ó-lo-go
• au-dio-me-TRÍ-a

Yes. Spanish word order is more flexible than English, although subject + verb + object is the most neutral order here:

• El audiólogo revisa el audiograma después de la audiometría.

You could also say:

• Después de la audiometría, el audiólogo revisa el audiograma.

That version puts more focus on the time sequence. Both are natural.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Spanish present tense often covers:

• what is happening now
• what usually happens
• a general procedure

So this sentence could mean:

• the audiologist is reviewing the audiogram now
• or this is what the audiologist generally does after the test

Without more context, both are possible.

Because here it refers to a specific person or to the role as the subject of the sentence.

In Spanish, professions often take an article when you are talking about a person in general or identifying them as the subject:

• El doctor llega temprano.
• La ingeniera revisa los planos.

But after ser, professions usually appear without an article unless you are specifying:

• Es audiólogo.
• Es el audiólogo del hospital.

The feminine form is audióloga.

So:

• el audiólogo = the male audiologist
• la audióloga = the female audiologist

The rest of the sentence would stay almost the same:

• La audióloga revisa el audiograma después de la audiometría.

It could. Spanish allows some flexibility with adverbial phrases like time expressions.

These are both natural:

• El audiólogo revisa el audiograma después de la audiometría.
• El audiólogo revisa después de la audiometría el audiograma.

But the first one sounds more natural and clearer because it keeps the verb and its direct object together:

• revisa el audiograma

That is usually the smoothest order.

Because it is the thing being checked or reviewed by the verb revisa.

A useful test is to replace it with a direct object pronoun:

• El audiólogo lo revisa después de la audiometría.

Here lo stands for el audiograma, which confirms it is the direct object.

Yes. In many varieties of Spanish, including much of Latin America, luego de can also mean after.

So you may hear:

• El audiólogo revisa el audiograma luego de la audiometría.

That said, después de is extremely common and very standard.

If you want to emphasize that the action is in progress right now, you could say:

• El audiólogo está revisando el audiograma después de la audiometría.

Difference:

• revisa = simple present; can be habitual, general, or current depending on context
• está revisando = specifically emphasizes the ongoing action right now

Both are grammatically correct, but they are not exactly the same in nuance.