Tvoj telefon je na stolu.

Word by word:

• Tvoj = your
• telefon = phone/telephone
• je = is
• na = on
• stolu = table in the form used after na when talking about location

So the structure is very close to English: Your phone is on the table.

Because ti means you, while tvoj means your.

Compare:

• ti = you
• tvoj = your

Serbian usually uses a possessive adjective for your, just like English uses your instead of you.

Examples:

• Ti si ovde. = You are here.
• Tvoj telefon je na stolu. = Your phone is on the table.

Serbian has no articles, so it does not use words like the or a/an.

That means:

• telefon can mean a phone or the phone
• sto / stolu can mean a table or the table

You understand which one is meant from context. In this sentence, English naturally translates it as the table, but Serbian does not need a separate word for that.

Je is the 3rd person singular form of the verb biti = to be.

So:

• ja sam = I am
• ti si = you are
• on/ona/ono je = he/she/it is

In Tvoj telefon je na stolu, telefon is singular, so Serbian uses je = is.

Because Serbian changes noun forms depending on their role in the sentence.

Here, na means on in the sense of location: the phone is already resting on the table. When na shows location, it is followed by the locative case.

• basic form: sto = table
• locative form: stolu

So:

• na stolu = on the table / on a table

If you were talking about movement onto the table, Serbian would use a different case:

• Stavi telefon na sto. = Put the phone onto the table.

So the contrast is:

• na stolu = on the table, at rest
• na sto = onto the table, movement toward it

Stolu is in the locative case.

In Serbian, after prepositions like na, u, o, and some others, the noun often changes form. Because this sentence describes location, na requires the locative.

For the noun sto:

• nominative: sto
• locative: stolu

That -u ending is a common masculine/neuter singular locative ending.

Yes. Tvoj behaves like an adjective, so it changes to match the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here it is tvoj because it agrees with telefon, which is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

Some examples:

• tvoj telefon = your phone
• tvoja knjiga = your book
• tvoje dete = your child

And in other cases it changes further, for example:

• na tvom stolu = on your table

So possessives in Serbian are more flexible than in English.

Because telefon is the subject of the sentence, so it stays in the nominative case, which is the dictionary form.

• telefon = subject → nominative
• stolu = object of the preposition na expressing location → locative

So the sentence combines two different cases:

• Tvoj telefon = nominative
• na stolu = locative phrase

Serbian word order is more flexible than English word order, because the case endings already show grammatical roles.

The neutral, natural order here is:

• Tvoj telefon je na stolu.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Telefon je na stolu. = The phone is on the table.
• Na stolu je tvoj telefon. = Your phone is on the table / It is your phone that is on the table.

These alternatives can sound more emphatic or context-driven. The original sentence is the most straightforward neutral version.

In a normal present-tense statement like this, no. You need je.

So:

• Tvoj telefon je na stolu. = correct
• Tvoj telefon na stolu. = not standard as a full sentence

Serbian sometimes omits forms of to be in certain styles, headlines, or very informal speech, but for standard learning purposes you should keep je here.

You usually learn the gender of each noun along with the noun itself.

Telefon is masculine, which you can also see from agreement:

• tvoj telefon uses masculine tvoj
• the noun itself is singular masculine

Many Serbian masculine nouns end in a consonant, and telefon does. That pattern often helps, though there are exceptions in the language overall.

Then you would usually use vaš instead of tvoj.

• Tvoj telefon je na stolu. = your phone is on the table, speaking to one person informally
• Vaš telefon je na stolu. = your phone is on the table, speaking formally or to more than one person

So:

• tvoj = informal singular your
• vaš = formal singular or plural your

No. Telefon is fully correct and very common, but learners will also hear mobilni, mobilni telefon, or mobil depending on region and style.

Still, in this sentence telefon is perfectly normal and easy to understand. It can refer to a phone in general, and in everyday context people will often understand it as a mobile phone unless something suggests a landline.