Breakdown of Таможенник посмотрел на мой чемодан и спросил, везу ли я что-нибудь хрупкое.
Questions & Answers about Таможенник посмотрел на мой чемодан и спросил, везу ли я что-нибудь хрупкое.
Посмотрел is the perfective past form of посмотреть, so it presents the action as a single completed event: the customs officer looked at the suitcase.
If you used смотрел, that would be imperfective and would sound more like was looking, looked for a while, or used to look, depending on context.
So here:
- Таможенник посмотрел... = the officer took a look
- Таможенник смотрел... = the officer was looking / kept looking
The perfective fits well because the sentence describes a sequence of completed actions:
- he looked,
- then he asked.
After смотреть / посмотреть, Russian normally uses на + accusative:
- смотреть на кого? что?
- посмотреть на кого? что?
So:
- на мой чемодан = at my suitcase
Here чемодан is masculine inanimate singular, and in the accusative that looks the same as the nominative:
- nominative: мой чемодан
- accusative: мой чемодан
So even though the form looks unchanged, it is accusative because the verb requires it.