Мне пришлось сделать рентген после падения, потому что хирург заподозрил перелом.

Because пришлось is used in an impersonal construction.

• Мне пришлось... = I had to...
• Literally, it is closer to It was necessary for me...

So мне is in the dative case, not the nominative.

Compare:

• Я сделал рентген = I got/had an X-ray done
• Мне пришлось сделать рентген = I had to get an X-ray done

The second one emphasizes necessity, not just the action.

Пришлось is the past tense of прийтись, and in this pattern it means:

• to have to
• to be forced to
• to end up having to

So:

• Мне пришлось сделать рентген = I had to get an X-ray

It often suggests that the action was necessary because of circumstances, not because the speaker wanted to do it.

Because сделать is the perfective infinitive, and here the speaker means a completed, one-time action.

• делать = imperfective, process/repetition
• сделать = perfective, completed result

In this sentence, the idea is that the person had to actually get the X-ray done, so perfective fits naturally.

Compare:

• Мне пришлось делать рентген каждый год = I had to do/get X-rays every year
• Мне пришлось сделать рентген = I had to get an X-ray done

Yes, literally сделать means to do/make, but in Russian this is a normal way to say to get/have an X-ray taken.

So сделать рентген is a common everyday expression meaning:

• to get an X-ray
• to have an X-ray done

Russian often uses сделать in medical contexts like this:

• сделать анализ = to do/get a test
• сделать прививку = to get a vaccination
• сделать операцию = to perform/do an operation

Because the preposition после requires the genitive case.

The noun падение changes like this:

• nominative: падение
• genitive: падения

So:

• после падения = after the fall

This is a very common pattern:

• после урока = after the lesson
• после работы = after work
• после аварии = after the accident

Падение is a noun meaning fall or falling.

• после падения = after the fall

Упал is a verb meaning fell.

• после того, как я упал = after I fell

Both can express similar ideas, but the sentence uses the noun version, which is compact and natural in Russian.

Compare:

• После падения мне пришлось сделать рентген.
• После того, как я упал, мне пришлось сделать рентген.

Both are correct; the first is simply more concise.

Потому что means because.

It introduces the reason:

• Мне пришлось сделать рентген... = I had to get an X-ray...
• потому что хирург заподозрил перелом = because the surgeon suspected a fracture

So the sentence structure is:

• main statement + потому что
  • explanation

Also, a comma is normally placed before потому что in this kind of sentence.

Хирург means surgeon.

Russian uses specific medical job titles quite often, so if the person was examined by a surgeon, хирург is perfectly natural.

A more general word would be:

• врач = doctor
• доктор = doctor

So:

• врач заподозрил перелом = the doctor suspected a fracture
• хирург заподозрил перелом = the surgeon suspected a fracture

The sentence simply gives more precise information.

Заподозрил means suspected or began to suspect.

It is the past masculine singular form of the perfective verb заподозрить.

Why perfective? Because the sentence refers to a single event of forming that suspicion:

• the surgeon examined the person
• the surgeon suspected a fracture
• therefore an X-ray was needed

The imperfective подозревал would suggest a more ongoing or background state:

• Хирург подозревал перелом = The surgeon was suspecting / suspected a fracture

In this sentence, заподозрил sounds more natural because it marks the moment the suspicion arose.

Перелом is the standard medical and everyday word for fracture or broken bone.

So:

• заподозрил перелом = suspected a fracture

It is concise and very natural in medical contexts.

Сломанная кость literally means a broken bone, but it sounds less like standard medical wording here.

Actually, перелом here is in the accusative case, but for this noun the accusative looks the same as the nominative.

The verb заподозрить takes a direct object:

• заподозрить что? → перелом

Since перелом is an inanimate masculine noun, its accusative singular matches the nominative singular:

• nominative: перелом
• accusative: перелом

So the case is there grammatically, even though the form does not visibly change.

Because пришлось does not agree with the speaker here.

This is part of the impersonal structure:

• мне пришлось
• тебе пришлось
• ему пришлось
• нам пришлось

The form пришлось stays the same because there is no normal grammatical subject in the nominative case. It is like saying:

• It turned out necessary for me
• It was required of me

So the neuter form is standard in this construction.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible, and you can move parts of the sentence for emphasis.

The original:

• Мне пришлось сделать рентген после падения, потому что хирург заподозрил перелом.

Possible variants:

• После падения мне пришлось сделать рентген, потому что хирург заподозрил перелом.
• Потому что хирург заподозрил перелом, мне пришлось сделать рентген после падения.

The original sounds natural and neutral. Putting после падения earlier can make the timeline feel more prominent.

In everyday Russian, рентген can refer rather loosely to:

• an X-ray
• an X-ray examination
• sometimes even the X-ray image

In careful or technical language, people may say:

• рентгеновский снимок = X-ray image
• рентгенография = radiography

But in normal speech, сделать рентген is extremely common and easily understood.

A rough breakdown is:

• Мне = to me / for me
• пришлось = it turned out necessary / I had to
• сделать = to do / to get done
• рентген = an X-ray
• после падения = after the fall
• потому что = because
• хирург = the surgeon
• заподозрил = suspected
• перелом = a fracture

So very literally:

• To me it became necessary to do an X-ray after the fall, because the surgeon suspected a fracture.

That is not natural English, but it helps show how the Russian grammar works.