Новая грамматическая тема: частица «неужели» помогает задавать вопросы, когда мы удивляемся.

Неужели is a particle used to show surprise, disbelief, or strong doubt in a question.

A very natural English equivalent is often:

• Really?
• Can it really be that ... ?
• Do you mean to say ... ?
• Is it possible that ... ?

For example:

• Неужели он уже дома?
  = Is he really already home?

So in your sentence, частица „неужели“ помогает задавать вопросы, когда мы удивляемся means that this particle helps form questions when the speaker feels surprised.

In Russian grammar, a particle is a small word that does not name an action or object but adds meaning, emotion, emphasis, doubt, surprise, limitation, and so on.

Неужели does not describe how something happens, and it does not act like a normal content word. Instead, it changes the tone of the whole sentence by adding surprise or disbelief.

Compare:

• Он дома? = Is he at home?
  Neutral question.

• Неужели он дома? = Is he really at home? / Can he really be at home?
  Question with surprise.

That is why it is classified as a particle.

Usually, yes. Неужели most often introduces a question where the speaker is reacting to something unexpected and wants confirmation.

Examples:

• Неужели ты уезжаешь?
  Are you really leaving?

• Неужели это правда?
  Is that really true?

• Неужели она не знала?
  Did she really not know?

These are not neutral information questions. They usually imply: I am surprised this might be true.

Most often, неужели comes near the beginning of the sentence:

• Неужели ты не помнишь?
• Неужели он согласился?

This is the most common and easiest pattern for learners.

Russian word order is flexible, so other positions may be possible for emphasis, but for normal usage, it is safest to put неужели at the start.

They are similar, but not exactly the same.

Both can appear in surprised or doubtful questions, but неужели usually sounds more like real surprise or disbelief, while разве often suggests doubt, contradiction, or “I thought otherwise.”

Very roughly:

• Неужели он пришёл?
  Did he really come?
  Strong surprise.

• Разве он пришёл?
  Did he come? / I thought he hadn’t.
  More like questioning a belief or assumption.

The difference is sometimes subtle, but for a learner, a good rule is:

• use неужели for amazement / disbelief
• use разве for doubt / contradiction of expectation

No. Even though неужели starts with не, it is a single fixed word, and it does not simply mean negation.

So:

• Неужели он придёт? does not mean Won’t he come?
• It means Will he really come? / Can he really be coming?

If there is actual negation in the sentence, it is separate:

• Неужели он не придёт?
  Will he really not come?

Here:

• неужели = surprise/disbelief
• не придёт = actual negation of the verb

Because задавать is the imperfective verb, and here it means helps with asking questions in general.

Compare:

• задавать вопросы = to ask questions, as a general/habitual activity
• задать вопрос = to ask a question once, as a completed act

In your sentence, the idea is general:

• the particle helps ask questions when we are surprised

It is not about one single question, so the imperfective задавать is the natural choice.

Когда мы удивляемся means when we are surprised or when we feel surprise.

The verb удивляться is reflexive and means to be surprised or to feel surprise at something.

So the structure is:

• когда = when
• мы = we
• удивляемся = are surprised / feel surprise

This clause explains when the particle is used.

The whole idea is:

• Неужели helps us ask questions when we are surprised.

Because тема is a feminine singular noun, so the adjective must agree with it:

• новая = feminine singular
• грамматическая = feminine singular
• тема = feminine singular

Russian adjectives agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

So:

• новый урок = new lesson
• новая тема = new topic
• новое слово = new word
• новые правила = new rules

The colon introduces an explanation of what the new grammar topic is.

So this structure works like:

• New grammar topic: ...

Everything after the colon explains the topic:

• the particle неужели
• what it does
• when it is used

This is very natural in Russian, just as in English.

Yes. In speech, it can sometimes stand almost by itself as a reaction:

• Неужели?
  = Really? / Seriously?

This is common in conversation when you hear surprising news.

It can also appear in emotionally colored statements or rhetorical questions, but for a beginner, the most useful pattern is still:

• Неужели + sentence?

For example:

• Неужели это конец?
• Неужели ты не знаешь?
• Неужели всё получилось?

It is generally neutral and widely understood. You can hear it in:

• everyday conversation
• literature
• film dialogue
• journalism

It is not slang. It is a standard Russian word.

That said, because it expresses emotion, it naturally appears more in situations where the speaker is reacting strongly, rather than in dry, purely factual speech.

It is pronounced approximately like:

ne-u-ZHE-li

The stress is on же:

• неуже́ли

A rough English-style approximation is:

• neh-oo-ZHEH-lee

Try to pronounce it as one word, not as separate pieces like не + ужели. For learners, the most important thing is remembering the stress on -же-.