Новая грамматическая тема: конструкция «по сравнению с...» помогает точнее сравнивать предметы и ситуации.

It is a fixed comparison phrase, often used when you want to make a comparison sound more explicit or precise.

Its structure is:

• по сравнению = a fixed part built from the noun сравнение
• с
  • a noun/pronoun in the instrumental case

So in real usage, you get patterns like:

• по сравнению с прошлым годом
• по сравнению с братом
• по сравнению со мной

You should learn по сравнению с as one whole expression.

Because this expression is idiomatic and fixed.

The noun is сравнение, and inside this phrase it appears as сравнению, which is the dative singular form. That is because по often takes the dative in set expressions.

So:

• сравнение → dictionary form
• по сравнению → fixed phrase form

A learner does not usually need to build this from scratch each time. It is best to memorize:

• по сравнению с + instrumental

The noun or pronoun after с is usually in the instrumental case.

Examples:

• по сравнению с прошлым годом
• по сравнению с этой книгой
• по сравнению с друзьями
• по сравнению со мной

This is one of the most important grammar points in the construction.

Because конструкция is the subject of the verb помогает.

The core of the sentence is:

• конструкция ... помогает

So конструкция is the thing that helps, which means it must be in the nominative case.

Also notice the adjective agrees with it:

• конструкция — feminine singular
• новая грамматическая тема — also feminine singular

The colon introduces an explanation of what the new grammar topic is.

So the first part names the category:

• Новая грамматическая тема

And the part after the colon explains it:

• конструкция по сравнению с... помогает...

In English, this is similar to writing something like:

• New grammar topic: ...

So the colon is being used to present or announce the topic.

Because the sentence is talking about the expression itself as a grammar item, not using it normally inside the sentence.

In other words, по сравнению с... is being mentioned as a piece of language.

Russian often uses « » to mark:

• titles
• quoted material
• words or expressions being discussed

So here it means: this specific construction is the topic.

Because точнее here is an adverb, and it describes how the comparing is done.

• сравнивать = to compare
• точнее = more precisely

So:

• помогает точнее сравнивать = helps to compare more precisely

If you used an adjective like точное, that would need to describe a noun, not a verb.

This is an important difference:

• точный = adjective, describes a noun
• точно / точнее = adverb, describes an action

Точнее is the comparative form of точно.

• точно = precisely / accurately
• точнее = more precisely / more accurately

Russian often uses simple comparative forms like this instead of более + adverb.

So both are possible in many contexts:

• точнее
• более точно

But точнее is shorter and very natural.

Because сравнивать is the imperfective form, and it is used here for a general process or ability.

The sentence is not about one completed act of comparison. It is saying that this construction helps people compare things in general.

• сравнивать = to compare, as a process / habit / general action
• сравнить = to compare and complete that comparison once

After verbs like помогать, Russian often uses the imperfective infinitive when talking about general usefulness:

• помогает понимать
• помогает запоминать
• помогает сравнивать

They are in the accusative plural because they are the direct objects of сравнивать.

The verb сравнивать is transitive, so it can take a direct object:

• сравнивать что?
• предметы
• ситуации

Since both nouns are plural and inanimate, their accusative forms look like the nominative forms:

• предметы
• ситуации

So the forms may look simple, but grammatically they are accusative here.

Yes, the person being helped is left unstated because it is understood in a general sense.

Russian often omits this when the meaning is broad or obvious. The sentence means something like:

• the construction helps people / learners / us compare things more precisely

You could add a person if you wanted:

• конструкция помогает нам точнее сравнивать предметы и ситуации

But leaving it out sounds natural in a general explanation.

They are related, but they are not used in exactly the same way.

по сравнению с:

• is a fixed phrase
• usually compares something to a noun or pronoun
• often sounds more explicit, analytical, or slightly more formal

Example idea:

• По сравнению с прошлым годом результаты лучше.

чем:

• often follows a comparative form
• is common in straightforward comparisons
• is often the simpler everyday structure

Example idea:

• Результаты лучше, чем в прошлом году.

So по сравнению с is especially useful when you want to set up a clear comparison frame.

Yes. You can use it with pronouns, but remember the pronoun must be in the instrumental case.

Examples:

• по сравнению со мной
• по сравнению с ним
• по сравнению с ней
• по сравнению с нами

Notice that sometimes с becomes со for easier pronunciation, as in:

• со мной

That is normal and does not change the meaning.

A simple pattern is:

• X по сравнению с Y + ...

Examples:

• По сравнению с зимой лето здесь мягче.
• Этот телефон лучше по сравнению со старой моделью.
• По сравнению с братом он выше.
• По сравнению с прошлой неделей у меня больше свободного времени.

A good habit is to practice with:

• time: по сравнению с прошлым годом
• people: по сравнению с ней
• things: по сравнению с этой книгой
• situations: по сравнению с прошлой ситуацией

That will help you get comfortable with the instrumental after с.