Новая грамматическая тема: конструкция «пусть ... и ...», которая помогает признать один факт, но подчеркнуть другой.

It expresses concession.

That means the speaker admits one fact, but then uses that fact as a background point while highlighting a more important point.

In English, it often feels like:

• granted ...
• admittedly ...
• even if ...
• X may be true, but ...

For example:

• Пусть он и молод, но очень опытен.
  = He may be young, but he is very experienced.

So the idea is not simple addition. It is more like: yes, this is true — but that is not the main thing.

Not exactly.

Yes, it is the same word historically, and in many contexts пусть means let or may:

• Пусть он войдёт. = Let him come in.

But in the pattern пусть ... и ..., it does not function like a command. Here it works more like a concessive particle, introducing something the speaker is willing to accept as true.

So:

• Пусть он и устал... does not mean Let him be tired
• It means something like Granted, he is tired...

That is why this construction can feel unusual to English speakers at first.

Here и is usually not best understood as a normal and.

In this construction, и helps mark the conceded element — the thing the speaker is admitting. It is part of the overall pattern.

For example:

• Пусть он и прав, ...
• Пусть это и трудно, ...
• Пусть и небольшая, ...

In all of these, и helps create the sense of yes, this is true, but...

So it is better to learn пусть ... и ... as a set structure, not as separate words translated one by one.

No. Но is very common, but it is not always required.

Very often the full idea is:

• Пусть X и Y, но Z.

Example:

• Пусть он и молод, но уже многого добился.

But if the contrast is clear from context, Russian can omit но:

• Пусть он и молод, уже многого добился.

So:

• with но = more explicit contrast
• without но = still possible if the meaning is obvious

They are similar, because all of them can express concession, but they are not identical in tone.

A rough comparison:

• хотя = neutral although
• хоть = more colloquial or compressed
• пусть ... и ... = granted / admittedly / even if that is true

So пусть ... и ... often sounds like the speaker is deliberately acknowledging a point before moving on.

Compare:

• Хотя он молод, он опытен.
  = Although he is young, he is experienced.

• Пусть он и молод, но опытен.
  = He may be young, but he is experienced. / Granted, he is young, but he is experienced.

The second version often feels a little more rhetorical or emphatic.

No, it does not have to be a full clause.

You can use пусть ... и ... with:

• a full clause
• an adjective
• a noun phrase
• an adverbial idea
• sometimes a shortened descriptive phrase

Examples:

• Пусть он и устал, он продолжает работать.
  full clause

• Пусть и маленький, но уютный дом.
  adjective phrase

• Пусть и не специалист, он многое понимает.
  noun phrase / predicate idea

• Пусть и медленно, но верно.
  adverbial phrase

This flexibility is one reason learners often meet пусть и in real texts as a compact way to concede something.

Usually you use a normal finite verb form that fits the meaning of the sentence. There is no special English-style subjunctive form to learn here.

Examples:

• Пусть он и знает ответ...
  present

• Пусть он и знал об этом...
  past

• Пусть он и узнает позже...
  future

So the tense works normally. The concessive meaning comes from the construction itself, not from a special verb ending.

The pattern is fairly stable, but Russian still allows some flexibility.

A very common shape is:

• Пусть + subject + и + predicate / key descriptive element

Examples:

• Пусть он и прав...
• Пусть это и сложно...
• Пусть они и опоздали...

You may also see more compact patterns like:

• пусть и небольшой
• пусть и не новый
• пусть и поздно

So the exact wording can move around a little, but пусть normally appears first, and и usually stands right before the element being conceded or highlighted within that clause/phrase.

Yes, in many contexts you can.

• Пусть он и прав...
• Пускай он и прав...

Both are possible.

However:

• пусть is generally more neutral and standard
• пускай often sounds a bit more colloquial or conversational

So if you are learning the construction for the first time, пусть ... и ... is the safest version to remember.

Которая refers to конструкция.

The phrase is:

• конструкция, которая помогает...

Since конструкция is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative in the main clause

the relative pronoun also appears in the matching form:

• которая

So this is just agreement:

• конструкция → feminine singular
• которая → feminine singular

If the noun were masculine, you would get который instead.

Because Russian commonly uses помогать / помочь + infinitive to mean help to do something.

So:

• помогает признать один факт = helps to acknowledge one fact
• подчеркнуть другой = to emphasize another

This is a very normal Russian pattern.

Also, both признать and подчеркнуть are perfective infinitives, which makes sense here because the sentence is talking about a complete action or result:

• acknowledge a fact
• emphasize another fact

So grammatically, this part is straightforward: помогает + infinitive.

This is the pair один ... другой, meaning one ... another / the other.

Here both words describe факт:

• один факт = one fact
• другой = another one / a different one

Since факт is masculine singular, the adjective is also masculine singular:

• другой

This is a very common Russian pairing:

• один человек, другой человек
• одна идея, другая идея
• одно решение, другое решение

So in your sentence, it is simply saying: the construction helps you accept one fact while stressing another.