Breakdown of Когда я возвращаюсь домой, собака радостно виляет хвостом.
Questions & Answers about Когда я возвращаюсь домой, собака радостно виляет хвостом.
Because Когда я возвращаюсь домой is a subordinate clause introduced by когда.
Russian normally separates this kind of time clause from the main clause with a comma:
- Когда я возвращаюсь домой, собака радостно виляет хвостом.
This works like English When I come home, the dog wags its tail happily.
If the order were reversed, you would still use a comma:
- Собака радостно виляет хвостом, когда я возвращаюсь домой.
Here the present tense expresses a habitual or repeated action.
So the sentence means something like:
- Whenever I come back home, the dog happily wags its tail.
Russian often uses the imperfective present for repeated actions like this. It does not necessarily mean only right now at this exact moment.