Хоть ударный слог слышен яснее, я всё равно иногда ошибаюсь, когда пишу слово по памяти.

Here хоть means something like although, even though, or granted that.

So:

Хоть ударный слог слышен яснее...
= Although the stressed syllable is heard more clearly...

A useful point: хоть can have several meanings in Russian, but in this sentence it introduces a contrast. It is a bit more conversational and compact than хотя.

You can often think of:

• хотя = although
• хоть = though / even though / although

In many contexts, хоть sounds slightly more colloquial.

Ударный слог means the stressed syllable.

Breakdown:

• ударный = stressed, accented
• слог = syllable

In Russian phonetics, ударение means stress. So ударный слог is the syllable that receives the stress in a word.

For example, in a Russian word, the stressed syllable is usually pronounced more clearly than the unstressed ones. That idea is exactly what this sentence is talking about.

Слышен is a short-form adjective meaning audible / able to be heard / heard.

So:

• слышный = the full adjective form
• слышен = the short form, often used predicatively, especially after something like X слышен
• слышится = a verb, is heard / sounds / can be heard, but it works differently

In this sentence:

ударный слог слышен яснее
= the stressed syllable is heard more clearly
or more naturally, the stressed syllable is easier to hear clearly

Why short form? Because Russian often uses short-form adjectives in statements like:

• Он виден. = He is visible.
• Звук слышен. = The sound is audible.
• Дом готов. = The house is ready.

So слышен is very natural here.

Yes. Яснее is the comparative form of ясный / ясно, and here it means more clearly.

So:

• ясно = clearly
• яснее = more clearly

In the sentence:

ударный слог слышен яснее
= the stressed syllable is heard more clearly

Even though ясный often means clear, the comparative яснее can function like more clearly depending on context.

Всё равно here means all the same, still, or nevertheless.

So:

я всё равно иногда ошибаюсь
= I still sometimes make mistakes
or
= I make mistakes sometimes anyway

This phrase is very common in Russian.

Examples:

• Я устал, но всё равно пойду. = I’m tired, but I’ll go anyway.
• Он знает правило, но всё равно ошибается. = He knows the rule but still makes mistakes.

In your sentence, it emphasizes contrast:

• the stressed syllable is clearer,
• but even so, mistakes still happen.

In careful writing, it should be всё равно, with ё.

That is because:

• всё = everything / still / all the same, depending on context
• все = all people / everyone / all (plural)

In real-life Russian texts, ё is often replaced by е, so you may see все равно. Native speakers usually understand it from context. But for learners, and in precise writing, всё равно is better.

Here it definitely means all the same / anyway, so всё равно is the correct form.

The dictionary form is ошибаться, which means to make a mistake / to be mistaken.

So:

• я ошибаюсь = I make mistakes / I am mistaken
• он ошибается = he makes mistakes / he is mistaken

This verb is normally used with -ся. It is just how Russian expresses this idea. English uses a non-reflexive structure (I make a mistake), but Russian commonly uses the reflexive verb.

You can compare:

• Я ошибся. = I made a mistake. / I was mistaken.
  perfective, one completed mistake
• Я ошибаюсь. = I make mistakes / I am mistaken
  imperfective, general or repeated

In this sentence, иногда suggests repeated action, so ошибаюсь is exactly right.

Because the sentence talks about something that happens sometimes and in a general repeated way, not one future mistake.

• ошибаюсь = imperfective, I make mistakes / I am mistaken
• ошибусь = perfective future, I will make a mistake

Since the sentence says:

я всё равно иногда ошибаюсь
= I still sometimes make mistakes

the imperfective is needed.

If you said ошибусь, it would mean one future event, such as:

• Наверное, я ошибусь. = I’ll probably make a mistake.

It means when I write a word from memory.

Breakdown:

• когда = when
• пишу = I write / I am writing
• слово = word
• по памяти = from memory

So the full idea is:

I still sometimes make mistakes when I write a word from memory.

In other words, even if the stressed syllable is easier to hear, that does not always help enough when spelling a word just from memory.

Russian often uses the singular to express a general example.

So:

когда пишу слово по памяти
literally = when I write a word from memory

But in English, depending on context, we might also say:

• when I spell a word from memory
• when I write words from memory

The Russian singular does not mean only one specific word. It can mean a word, any word, a word in such situations.

This is very natural Russian usage.

Literally, по памяти means something like according to memory or from memory.

It is a very common expression meaning that you do something without looking at a source, relying only on what you remember.

Examples:

• рассказать по памяти = to recite from memory
• написать по памяти = to write from memory
• нарисовать по памяти = to draw from memory

So here:

пишу слово по памяти
= I write a word from memory, without checking how it is spelled.

In Russian, the present tense often expresses habitual or repeated actions, just like in English.

So:

когда пишу слово по памяти
does not have to mean only when I am writing a word right now.

It can mean:

• when I write a word from memory
• whenever I write a word from memory

This is very normal. Russian present tense often covers:

• current action
• repeated action
• general truth

Here it is a repeated situation.

Yes, absolutely.

In this sentence, когда is best understood not as one single moment in time, but as a repeated circumstance:

когда пишу слово по памяти
= when / whenever I write a word from memory

English often uses whenever to make that repeated meaning extra clear, but Russian когда can do that by itself from context.

There are commas because the sentence contains subordinate clauses.

Structure:

Хоть ударный слог слышен яснее,
main clause follows after this concessive clause

я всё равно иногда ошибаюсь,
main clause

когда пишу слово по памяти.
subordinate time clause

So the commas separate:

1. the concessive clause introduced by хоть
2. the time clause introduced by когда

That is why the punctuation is:

Хоть ударный слог слышен яснее, я всё равно иногда ошибаюсь, когда пишу слово по памяти.

The sentence has this basic logic:

Although X, I still Y when Z.

More specifically:

• Хоть ударный слог слышен яснее
  = Although the stressed syllable is heard more clearly
• я всё равно иногда ошибаюсь
  = I still sometimes make mistakes
• когда пишу слово по памяти
  = when I write a word from memory

So the full meaning is:

Even though the stressed syllable is easier to hear, I still sometimes make mistakes when I write a word from memory.

This kind of structure is very common in Russian:

• concession first (хоть...)
• main statement
• time clause (когда...)

Yes, several things are very natural Russian usage:

1. хоть for concession
   Russian often uses хоть in a compact, natural way meaning although / even though.

2. short-form adjective: слышен
   This is a standard Russian pattern that English learners should get used to.

3. всё равно
   Extremely common phrase meaning still / anyway / all the same.

4. ошибаюсь
   Russian often uses a reflexive verb where English uses make a mistake.

5. по памяти
   A very common idiomatic expression for from memory.

So even if every word is understandable on its own, the sentence is also a good example of several very typical Russian patterns working together.