Я мёрзну на остановке без шарфа.

Мёрзну is the 1st person singular present-tense form of the verb мёрзнуть, which means to be cold / to feel cold / to freeze.

So:

• я мёрзну = I am cold / I’m freezing
• ты мёрзнешь = you are cold
• он/она мёрзнет = he/she is cold

It describes a state you are experiencing.

Both can mean I’m cold, but they are used a little differently.

• Я мёрзну = I am feeling cold, I’m freezing, I’m getting chilled
  This feels a bit more active and physical.
• Мне холодно = I feel cold / It is cold to me
  This is a very common way to talk about temperature as a state.

So this sentence could also be expressed as:

• Мне холодно на остановке без шарфа.

But я мёрзну often sounds a bit stronger, like the cold is really affecting you.

Yes, Russian can omit я if the subject is clear from the verb form.

Because мёрзну already means I am cold, the sentence:

• Мёрзну на остановке без шарфа.

is completely natural in many contexts.

Including я can add a little emphasis or clarity:

• Я мёрзну... = I’m cold...
• maybe contrasting with someone else, or simply making the subject explicit

So both are correct.

На остановке uses the prepositional case after на to show location.

• остановка = bus stop / stop
• на остановке = at the bus stop

Here the idea is where the person is.

Case breakdown:

• nominative: остановка
• prepositional: на остановке

This is very common:

• на станции = at the station
• на работе = at work
• на улице = outside / on the street

Yes, literally остановка comes from the idea of a stop / stopping, but in everyday Russian it very often means a transport stop, especially a bus stop.

So depending on context, на остановке is usually understood as:

• at the bus stop
• at the tram stop
• more generally at the stop

If needed, Russian can be more specific:

• автобусная остановка = bus stop

But very often just остановка is enough.

Because the preposition без always requires the genitive case.

• шарф = scarf
• genitive singular: шарфа

So:

• без шарфа = without a scarf

More examples:

• без сахара = without sugar
• без друга = without a friend
• без машины = without a car

This is an important rule: без + genitive.

Yes, but the meaning changes.

• без шарфа = without a scarf
• с шарфом = with a scarf

Notice the case change:

• без
  • genitive → без шарфа
• с
  • instrumental → с шарфом

So if you wanted the opposite sentence, you could say:

• Я мёрзну на остановке даже с шарфом.
  = I’m cold at the bus stop even with a scarf.

The letter ё is pronounced like yo.

So мёрзну is roughly pronounced like MYORZ-noo.

A few useful things to know:

• ё is always stressed
• in many printed texts, Russians sometimes write е instead of ё
• so you may sometimes see мерзну, but it is understood as мёрзну

That means learners need to be alert: the spelling without dots is common, but the pronunciation is still ё in this word.

Мёрзнуть is imperfective.

Here that matters because the sentence describes an ongoing state:

• Я мёрзну... = I am cold / I am freezing

It is not talking about a completed action. It is about what is happening now.

A related perfective verb is often замёрзнуть, which can mean to get cold or to freeze completely / become frozen, depending on context.

Compare:

• Я мёрзну. = I’m cold / I’m freezing.
• Я замёрз. = I got cold / I froze / I’m freezing cold now.

Yes. Russian word order is fairly flexible, and changing it can shift the emphasis.

Neutral order:

• Я мёрзну на остановке без шарфа.

Other possible orders:

• На остановке я мёрзну без шарфа.
  Emphasizes where this is happening.
• Без шарфа я мёрзну на остановке.
  Emphasizes without a scarf.
• Я без шарфа мёрзну на остановке.
  Also possible, with a slightly different rhythm/emphasis.

So the basic meaning stays the same, but the focus changes.

By default, Я мёрзну на остановке без шарфа most naturally means something like:

• I’m cold at the bus stop without a scarf
• I’m freezing at the bus stop without a scarf

So it usually sounds like a current or immediate situation.

However, present-tense imperfective verbs in Russian can sometimes express habitual meaning too, depending on context. For example, if someone is talking generally about winter habits, it could mean:

• I get cold at the bus stop when I don’t wear a scarf.

If you want to make the habitual meaning clearer, Russian often adds words like:

• обычно = usually
• всегда = always

Example:

• Я обычно мёрзну на остановке без шарфа.

A natural pronunciation would be approximately:

Ya MYORZ-noo na a-sta-NOV-ke byez shar-FA

A few notes:

• мёрзну has a tricky consonant cluster, but natives say it smoothly
• на остановке has stress on -нов-: остано́вке
• без шарфа has stress on the second syllable of шарфа́

The main stresses are:

• Я мёрзну на остано́вке без шарфа́.

If you want to sound natural, try not to stress every word equally. Usually the strongest stress falls on the most informative part of the sentence, depending on context.