Questions & Answers about Заполненный людьми зал был шумным.
Заполненный is a passive past participle formed from the verb заполнить (to fill up).
- It behaves like an adjective here, describing зал (hall): заполненный зал = a hall that has been filled.
- As a participle, it keeps a verbal meaning: зал, который (был) заполнен = the hall that (was) filled / that has been filled.
So grammatically it’s a long-form passive participle used as an attributive adjective.
Людьми is instrumental plural of люди.
There are two ideas mixed in English:
- full of people (genitive in Russian: полный людей)
- filled by people (instrumental in Russian: заполненный людьми)
With passive constructions and passive participles, Russian normally uses instrumental to mark the agent (by whom something is done):
- зал заполнен людьми = the hall is filled by people (instrumental: кем? чем? — людьми)
So заполненный людьми literally means filled by people, which is why людьми is in the instrumental.