Она добилась успеха.

The dictionary form is добиться.

This verb means to achieve, to attain, or to succeed in getting something, usually after effort. In this sentence, it means something like she achieved success or she attained success.

A useful pair to know is:

• добиваться — imperfective
• добиться — perfective

So добилась is a past-tense form of the perfective verb добиться.

Because добиться is a reflexive verb. In Russian, many verbs have -ся or -сь attached.

Here the ending appears as -сь because it comes after a vowel sound:

• infinitive: добиться
• past masculine: добился
• past feminine: добилась
• past neuter: добилось
• past plural: добились

You do not translate -ся/-сь literally here as herself. In this verb, it is just part of the normal verb form.

Because Russian past tense agrees with the subject in gender and number.

The subject is она = she, so the verb must be feminine singular:

• он добился — he achieved
• она добилась — she achieved
• они добились — they achieved

This is one of the big differences from English: in Russian past tense, you often have to pay attention to gender.

Because the verb добиться requires the genitive case.

So:

• успех = nominative
• успеха = genitive singular

This is just something you learn with the verb:

• добиться чего? — to achieve what?
• добиться успеха — to achieve success
• добиться цели — to achieve a goal
• добиться результата — to achieve a result

For English speakers, this is important: the object is not in the direct-object form you might expect.

It is genitive singular of успех.

Here успех means success in a general, abstract sense, so singular is normal. Russian often uses abstract nouns this way without an article.

So добиться успеха is the standard phrase for to achieve success.

Добиться is perfective.

That means the sentence presents the action as completed: she did achieve success.

Compare:

• Она добивалась успеха. — She was striving for success / trying to achieve success.
• Она добилась успеха. — She achieved success.

So the perfective form focuses on the result, not the process.

Yes. Russian often drops subject pronouns when the meaning is clear from context.

So Добилась успеха. can be a perfectly natural sentence in the right context, especially in conversation or narrative.

However, она may be included:

• for clarity
• for emphasis
• because it is the start of a sentence and the speaker wants to name the subject clearly

No, Russian word order is flexible.

Она добилась успеха is a neutral, standard order:

• Она — subject
• добилась — verb
• успеха — object

But other orders are possible for emphasis:

• Успеха она добилась. — It was success that she achieved.
• Добилась она успеха. — more marked, depending on context

The basic meaning stays the same, but the emphasis changes.

The usual stress is:

Она́ доби́лась успе́ха.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• она́ → ah-NA
• доби́лась → dah-BEE-lasʹ
• успе́ха → oo-SPYE-kha

A few notes:

• Unstressed о often sounds closer to a.
• The final -сь is soft.
• х is the Russian sound like ch in Scottish loch or German Bach.

Often yes, but not always exactly.

Она добилась успеха can be translated as:

• She achieved success.
• She attained success.
• She became successful.
• sometimes simply She succeeded.

But добиться успеха often suggests effort, persistence, and reaching a result after work. It can feel slightly more concrete or emphatic than plain to succeed.

Both can mean to achieve success, and both are common.

A rough difference is:

• добиться успеха — emphasizes effort, struggle, persistence, getting a result
• достичь успеха — emphasizes reaching a goal or level

In many contexts they are very close, but добиться often feels a bit more like to achieve through effort.

Because Russian has no articles.

So успеха can correspond to:

• success
• the success
• sometimes a success

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, English usually uses just success:

• She achieved success.

Yes, depending on context.

Russian has no separate tense formed exactly like the English present perfect. The past tense добилась can correspond to:

• she achieved success
• she has achieved success

The right English translation depends on the situation and surrounding context.