Расходы на обучение и расходы на лечение сравнили.

Because Russian often uses a plural past-tense verb with no stated subject to mean they in a vague, indefinite sense.

So сравнили literally means they compared, but the sentence does not say who they are. In English, this is often translated more naturally as a passive:

• They compared the education expenses and the treatment expenses.
• The education and treatment expenses were compared.

This kind of subjectless plural is very common in Russian.

Because расходы is inanimate plural, and in Russian the accusative plural of inanimate nouns is the same as the nominative plural.

So:

• nominative plural: расходы
• accusative plural: расходы

Even though расходы is the direct object of сравнили, its form does not change.

Here на takes the accusative case and means something like for or on.

So:

• расходы на обучение = expenses for/on education or training
• расходы на лечение = expenses for/on treatment

The nouns обучение and лечение are neuter nouns, and their nominative and accusative singular forms are identical, so the forms look unchanged.

Yes, Russian could say Расходы на обучение и на лечение сравнили.

Repeating расходы gives the sentence a more balanced, parallel, and explicit structure:

• расходы на обучение и расходы на лечение

This can make it especially clear that we are comparing two categories of expenses.

Without the repetition, the sentence is still grammatical, but the repeated version can sound more formal, careful, or stylistically symmetrical.

Yes, that is the most natural reading.

When Russian lists two items with и after a verb like сравнить, it normally means those two things were compared to one another:

• расходы на обучение ↔ расходы на лечение

If the meaning were they compared these expenses with something else, Russian would usually make that clearer, often with с + instrumental or with a different structure.

Because сравнили is the perfective past form, which presents the comparison as a completed action.

• сравнили = compared, finished comparing
• сравнивали = were comparing / compared habitually / compared over a period of time

So this sentence presents the comparison as a completed fact.

Yes. Расходы на обучение и расходы на лечение сравнили is a normal, neutral order for this kind of sentence.

Russian word order is flexible, but different orders shift emphasis. For example:

• Расходы на обучение и расходы на лечение сравнили.
  Neutral statement of what was compared.

• Сравнили расходы на обучение и расходы на лечение.
  Slightly more focus on the action compared.

Both are possible. The original is perfectly natural.

Yes, very naturally.

Although the Russian sentence literally uses an indefinite they compared, English often prefers a passive here:

• The education and treatment expenses were compared.

This is one of the most common translation choices for Russian sentences with a past plural verb and no subject.

• обучение means education, training, instruction, studying
• лечение means treatment, especially medical treatment

So:

• расходы на обучение = education/training expenses
• расходы на лечение = treatment/medical expenses

The best English wording depends on context.

Yes. With расходы, Russian на + accusative often corresponds to English on or for.

For example:

• расходы на обучение
  = expenses on education
  = expenses for education

• расходы на лечение
  = expenses on treatment
  = expenses for treatment

English choice depends on style and context more than on a strict grammatical difference.

Not if you want the full meaning of this sentence.

Without сравнили, you would only have the noun phrase:

• расходы на обучение и расходы на лечение

That just means education expenses and treatment expenses.
The verb сравнили is what adds the idea were compared / they compared.

It sounds fairly neutral to somewhat formal, especially because of the repeated structure:

• расходы на обучение
• расходы на лечение

That kind of parallel phrasing is common in written language, reports, academic writing, journalism, or official discussion. It is not unnatural in speech, but it does sound a bit more structured than casual conversation.