Близорукость и дальнозоркость указаны в рецепте на очки.

In this sentence, рецепт means prescription, not recipe.

Russian рецепт can mean:

• recipe in a cooking context
• prescription in a medical or pharmacy context

So рецепт на очки means a prescription for glasses.

This is a very common point of confusion for English speakers because the word looks so much like recipe.

В рецепте is in the prepositional case.

The preposition в often takes the prepositional case when it means in or inside a place/document/context.

So:

• рецепт = prescription
• в рецепте = in the prescription

The ending changes like this:

• nominative: рецепт
• prepositional: в рецепте

Here, the sentence is saying that the information is written/indicated in the prescription.

Рецепт на очки is a standard Russian expression meaning a prescription for glasses.

The preposition на is often used in Russian with documents, prescriptions, or orders to show what something is for:

• рецепт на лекарство = a prescription for medicine
• заказ на мебель = an order for furniture
• билет на поезд = a ticket for a train

So на очки does not literally mean the glasses are physically on something. It means the prescription is for glasses.

Because together they form a compound subject: two things are being talked about.

• Близорукость = nearsightedness
• и = and
• дальнозоркость = farsightedness

When two singular nouns are joined by и, Russian normally uses a plural predicate.

So:

• one item: указана = is indicated
• two items: указаны = are indicated

That is why the sentence has указаны, not указана.

Указаны is a short passive participle, used like a predicate.

It comes from the verb указать = to indicate, to specify, to point out.

Here it means something like:

• are indicated
• are specified
• are listed

The full form would be:

• указанный (masculine)
• указанная (feminine)
• указанное (neuter)
• указанные (plural)

But in predicate use, Russian often prefers the short form:

• указан
• указана
• указано
• указаны

So in this sentence, указаны is the natural predicate form meaning are indicated/listed.

Russian often omits the present-tense form of to be.

In English, you say:

• Nearsightedness and farsightedness are indicated...

In Russian, in the present tense, you usually do not say есть in this kind of sentence. So Russian simply says:

• Близорукость и дальнозоркость указаны...

This is completely normal.

If you changed the tense, a form of быть would appear:

• были указаны = were indicated
• будут указаны = will be indicated

Yes, both are feminine nouns.

A very useful clue is the ending -ость. Nouns ending in -ость are usually feminine.

For example:

• скорость = speed
• молодость = youth
• глупость = stupidity
• близорукость = nearsightedness
• дальнозоркость = farsightedness

These nouns belong to a pattern often associated with feminine nouns of the third declension.

The word order here is natural, but not the only possibility.

Russian word order is more flexible than English word order. This sentence could be rearranged without changing the core meaning much, for example:

• В рецепте на очки указаны близорукость и дальнозоркость.

That version sounds a bit more like:

• In the glasses prescription, nearsightedness and farsightedness are indicated.

The original order starts with the two conditions, so it gives them a little more emphasis.

So the word order is natural, but not rigidly fixed.

Because the sentence is talking about the conditions themselves, not describing a person.

• близорукий = nearsighted (describing a person)
• дальнозоркий = farsighted (describing a person)

But here the sentence is about what is written in a prescription. A prescription lists the condition or diagnosis, so Russian uses the noun forms:

• близорукость = nearsightedness
• дальнозоркость = farsightedness

So this is similar to English:

• The patient is nearsighted.
• Nearsightedness is indicated in the prescription.

Not exactly, though they can overlap in meaning.

• указаны = indicated, specified, listed
• написаны = written

In a sentence like this, указаны sounds more precise and official. It suggests that the prescription states/specifies those conditions.

If you said написаны, it would focus more literally on the fact that the words are written there. That is possible in some contexts, but указаны is more natural for formal information in a document.

A helpful stress guide is:

• близору́кость
• дальнозо́ркость
• указа́ны
• в реце́пте
• на очки́

So the whole sentence is pronounced approximately like:

близору́кость и дальнозо́ркость указа́ны в реце́пте на очки́

For learners, the main stress points worth memorizing are:

• близору́кость
• дальнозо́ркость
• реце́пт
• очки́

Grammatically, yes: the sentence simply says that both conditions are indicated in the glasses prescription.

Whether that makes medical sense depends on the real-world context. A person can sometimes have different vision issues in different eyes or in different aspects of vision, so Russian grammar itself does not prevent the sentence from listing both.

The important language point is that the sentence is just reporting what is written in the prescription.

Yes, it sounds fairly neutral-to-formal, especially because of указаны and в рецепте на очки.

It fits well in:

• medical contexts
• optical paperwork
• instructions
• official descriptions

In everyday speech, someone might say something simpler depending on context, but this sentence sounds perfectly normal in written or professional Russian.