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Learn Hardcore Romanian: Peisajul este luminos. - The landscape is bright.

Hardcore Romanian
/Joining a photography walk
/Peisajul este luminos.

Peisajul este luminos.

Word

Peisajul este luminos.

Meaning

The landscape is bright.

Part of speech

sentence

Pronunciation

Course

Hardcore Romanian

Lesson

Joining a photography walk

Breakdown of Peisajul este luminos.

the landscape; scenery

bright; well-lit

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Questions & Answers about Peisajul este luminos.

Why does peisaj become peisajul?

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun.

peisaj = landscape / a landscape
peisajul = the landscape

So -ul is the ending that means the here.

This is very common in Romanian:

băiat = boy
băiatul = the boy

What gender is peisaj?

Peisaj is a neuter noun.

In Romanian, neuter nouns behave:

like masculine in the singular
like feminine in the plural

So in this sentence, which is singular, peisajul takes the same kind of forms that a masculine singular noun would take. That is why the adjective is luminos, not a feminine form.

What does este mean, and what form is it?

Este means is.

It is the 3rd person singular form of the verb a fi = to be.

So:

eu sunt = I am
tu ești = you are
el/ea este = he/she/it is

In Peisajul este luminos, este links the subject (peisajul) to the adjective (luminos), just like is in English.

Why is there no separate word for it?

Because Romanian does not need a pronoun when the subject noun is already there.

English often says:

The landscape is bright

Romanian does the same:

Peisajul este luminos

There is no need to add a separate it, because peisajul is already the subject.

Why is the adjective luminos in that form?

Because adjectives in Romanian agree with the noun in gender and number.

Here, peisajul is:

singular
neuter, but behaving like masculine in the singular

So the adjective takes the masculine singular form:

luminos

Compare:

peisajul luminos = the bright landscape
camera luminoasă = the bright room

So if the noun were feminine singular, the adjective would usually change form.

Why is the adjective after este instead of directly next to the noun?

Because here luminos is a predicate adjective: it describes the subject through the verb este.

Structure:

Peisajul = subject
este = is
luminos = bright

This is the same basic pattern as English: The landscape is bright.

If you put the adjective directly next to the noun, you get a different structure:

peisajul luminos = the bright landscape

So:

Peisajul este luminos. = The landscape is bright.
Peisajul luminos... = The bright landscape...

Could I also say luminosul peisaj or put the adjective before the noun?

Usually, Romanian adjectives most commonly come after the noun:

peisaj luminos

Putting the adjective before the noun is possible in some contexts, but it often sounds more literary, emphatic, or less neutral.

For a beginner, the safest normal pattern is:

peisaj luminos = a bright landscape
peisajul este luminos = the landscape is bright

How do I pronounce Peisajul este luminos?

A simple English-friendly approximation is:

pey-SAH-zhul YES-te loo-mee-NOS

A few helpful details:

pei sounds roughly like pay
j in peisajul sounds like the s in measure
este is commonly pronounced YES-te
luminos has stress on the last syllable: -nos

A more IPA-style pronunciation would be approximately:

[pejˈsa.ʒul ˈjes.te lumiˈnos]

Can I leave out este?

In normal standard Romanian, no: you should keep este here.

So the correct full sentence is:

Peisajul este luminos.

Leaving it out would sound incomplete in ordinary standard usage.

As a learner, it is best to always include este in sentences like this.

How would I make this sentence negative or turn it into a question?

To make it negative, put nu before the verb:

Peisajul nu este luminos. = The landscape is not bright.

To make it a question, you can often keep the same word order and use question intonation:

Peisajul este luminos? = Is the landscape bright?

You can also invert for a more explicit question:

Este peisajul luminos?

Both are understandable.

Do I have to use the definite form peisajul here?

Only if you mean the landscape.

Compare:

peisajul = the landscape
un peisaj = a landscape

So:

Peisajul este luminos. = The landscape is bright.
Un peisaj este luminos. = A landscape is bright.

You would not normally say Peisaj este luminos in standard Romanian for this meaning. Romanian usually wants either:

a definite noun: peisajul
or an indefinite noun: un peisaj

What would the plural version look like?

The plural of peisaj is peisaje.

So:

Peisajele sunt luminoase. = The landscapes are bright.

Notice that several things change:

peisajul → peisajele
este → sunt
luminos → luminoase

This happens because the noun is now plural, and the adjective must agree with it.

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