Ea spune că restul este pe masă, lângă listă.

Yes, Romanian often drops subject pronouns because the verb already shows the person.

Here, spune already means he/she says, so Ea spune is not strictly necessary. You could also say:

Spune că restul este pe masă, lângă listă.

Including Ea usually adds one of these effects:

• emphasis: she says...
• contrast: she says it, not someone else
• clarity: if several people were being discussed

So Ea is correct, but not always required.

Yes. Că is the conjunction that.

It introduces a subordinate clause after verbs like:

• a spune — to say
• a crede — to believe
• a ști — to know
• a crede — to think/believe

So:

• Ea spune că... = She says that...

In English, that is often optional. In Romanian, că is much more commonly expressed.

Also, că is pronounced roughly kuh, with ă as a schwa sound, like the last vowel in sofa.

Restul most often means:

• the rest
• the remainder
• sometimes the change (as in money returned in a shop)

It comes from rest + the definite article -ul.

So depending on context, restul could mean:

• the rest of some group or amount
• what remains
• the change from a purchase

Romanian leaves that nuance to context, just as English often does.

Because Romanian usually attaches the definite article to the end of the noun instead of putting a separate word like the in front.

So:

• rest = rest / remainder
• restul = the rest / the remainder

This is a very important Romanian pattern. A few similar examples:

• băiat = boy

• băiatul = the boy

• carte = book
• cartea = the book

So restul literally contains the idea of the inside the word.

Both are correct.

• este = full form
• e = shorter everyday form

So these mean the same thing here:

• restul este pe masă
• restul e pe masă

In speech, e is extremely common. Este can sound a little fuller, clearer, or slightly more formal, but it is not stiff or unnatural.

Because pe means on, while la usually means at or to.

Here the idea is physical location on top of a surface, so Romanian uses:

• pe masă = on the table

If you said la masă, that usually means something more like:

• at the table
• sitting at the table
• sometimes even having a meal

So:

• Cartea e pe masă. = The book is on the table.
• Suntem la masă. = We are at the table / We are eating.

This is a very common question, because Romanian and English do not use definiteness in exactly the same way.

In the sentence, masă and listă appear in their bare form:

• masă = table
• listă = list

Romanian often uses bare nouns in short prepositional phrases of place, especially when the context already makes the location clear.

So even if English might naturally say on the table, next to the list, Romanian can still say:

• pe masă
• lângă listă

If you want to make them explicitly definite or more specific, Romanian can do that too, for example:

• pe masa din bucătărie = on the kitchen table
• lângă lista de cumpărături = next to the shopping list

So the absence of -a here does not automatically mean the English translation must use a instead of the. Context matters.

They are in the accusative case, because pe and lângă normally take the accusative.

However, in Romanian, many nouns look the same in the nominative and accusative, so you do not see a special ending here.

For example:

• nominative: o masă

• accusative after a preposition: pe o masă

• nominative: o listă
• accusative after a preposition: lângă o listă

So the case is there grammatically, even though the form does not visibly change much.

A useful approximation is:

• că → kə
• lângă → LUHN-guh, but with a vowel that does not exist exactly in English

The important letters are:

• ă = a schwa sound, like the final sound in sofa
• â = a central vowel with no exact English equivalent

So:

• că has ă
• lângă has both â and ă

Roughly:

• că ≈ kuh
• lângă ≈ luhn-guh

A more careful pronunciation would be:

• că = /kə/
• lângă = /ˈlɨn.gə/

Yes, Romanian word order is fairly flexible, but the original sentence is the most neutral and natural order.

Neutral order:

Ea spune că restul este pe masă, lângă listă.

Possible variations for emphasis:

• Ea spune că pe masă, lângă listă, este restul.
• Spune că restul este pe masă, lângă listă.

What changes is usually:

• focus
• emphasis
• rhythm

For a learner, the safest default is the original order: subject + verb + că + subject + este + place

Not necessarily.

You could also write:

Ea spune că restul este pe masă lângă listă.

The comma here mainly gives a slight pause and separates lângă listă as an added location detail.

So the comma is more about:

• pacing
• clarity
• style

In short everyday writing, many people would leave it out. With the comma, the sentence can sound a little more carefully segmented.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Romanian present tense often covers both:

• she says
• she is saying

So Ea spune că... could mean:

• a general present statement
• something she is saying right now

If Romanian speakers want to make the ongoing-now idea clearer, they often rely on context or add a time word such as:

• acum = now

For example:

• Ea spune acum că... = She is saying now that...

So yes, spune is broader than the English simple present alone.