Corpul este puternic.

Because -ul is the definite article attached to the end of the noun. Romanian usually says the body as corpul, not with a separate word like English the.

• corp = body / a body
• corpul = the body

This is one of the first big differences from English: Romanian often puts the at the end of the noun.

Romanian normally uses an enclitic definite article, which means the article is added to the noun as an ending.

So instead of:

• English: the body

you get:

• Romanian: corpul

This is completely normal Romanian grammar. You will see this a lot:

• băiat = boy

• băiatul = the boy

• om = person/man
• omul = the person/the man

Este means is, from the verb a fi = to be.

So:

• Corpul = the body
• este = is
• puternic = strong

Yes, in a normal sentence like this, este is necessary. Romanian does not usually drop the verb to be in this kind of statement.

Yes. In everyday Romanian, e is a very common shorter form of este.

So these both mean the same thing:

• Corpul este puternic.
• Corpul e puternic.

Este is slightly more formal or careful in style, while e is very common in speech.

Yes, Romanian adjectives agree with the noun in gender and number.

The noun corp is a neuter noun. In Romanian, neuter nouns behave:

• like masculine in the singular
• like feminine in the plural

Since corpul is singular, the adjective takes the masculine singular form:

• corp puternic = a strong body
• corpul este puternic = the body is strong

In the plural, it changes:

• corpurile sunt puternice = the bodies are strong

It is neuter.

That can be confusing for English speakers, because in the singular it often looks masculine in its endings and adjective forms. But grammatically it is classified as neuter.

A useful shortcut:

• singular neuter nouns often pattern like masculine
• plural neuter nouns often pattern like feminine

So:

• singular: corp puternic
• plural: corpuri puternice

A simple English-friendly approximation is:

KOR-pool ES-te poo-ter-NIK

A few pronunciation notes:

• c in corpul is a hard k sound
• u is pronounced like oo
• e in este is like e in bet
• puternic ends with -nic, pronounced like neek or nik, depending on accent and how narrowly you transcribe it

Romanian pronunciation is fairly phonetic, so once you know the sounds, spelling is usually reliable.

The normal, neutral order is:

Corpul este puternic.

Romanian does allow some flexibility in word order, but changing it often adds emphasis or sounds literary, poetic, or unusual.

For a basic learner, the safest pattern is:

noun + form of a fi + adjective

So this sentence is the standard way to say it.

Grammatically yes, but it means something different:

• Corpul este puternic. = The body is strong.
• Un corp este puternic. = A body is strong.

The second one sounds less natural in many contexts unless you are making a general statement or contrasting one body with something else. Usually, if you mean a body in general, Romanian might use a different structure depending on context.

Because this is a predicate adjective structure:

• Corpul = subject
• este = linking verb
• puternic = adjective describing the subject

This works like English The body is strong.

If the adjective is directly attached to the noun, you get a noun phrase:

• corpul puternic = the strong body

But in your sentence, the adjective comes after este because it is part of the statement about the subject.

The plural would be:

Corpurile sunt puternice.
= The bodies are strong.

Here several things change:

• corpul → corpurile
• este → sunt
• puternic → puternice

This shows the agreement pattern clearly:

• singular: puternic
• plural: puternice

No. Romanian also has trup, which can also mean body, especially in more physical, human, or sometimes literary/religious contexts.

Very roughly:

• corp often sounds more neutral, anatomical, or general
• trup can sound more like the living human body, sometimes more expressive

In many contexts they overlap, but they are not always interchangeable in tone.

Only because it is at the beginning of the sentence.

Romanian capitalization here works like English:

• capitalize the first word of a sentence
• do not capitalize ordinary nouns or adjectives just because they are nouns or adjectives

So in the middle of a sentence, it would be corpul, not Corpul.