Medicul resuscitează un bărbat cu defibrilatorul.

Because Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun, not before it.

• medic = doctor
• medicul = the doctor

The ending -ul is the masculine/neuter singular definite article here.
The same thing happens in defibrilatorul:

• defibrilator = defibrillator
• defibrilatorul = the defibrillator

This is one of the biggest differences from English.

Because the sentence treats the two nouns differently:

• medicul = the doctor → a specific, identifiable doctor
• un bărbat = a man → an indefinite man, not identified yet

So Romanian is making the same definite/indefinite distinction that English makes, but with different forms:

• the doctor → medicul
• a man → un bărbat

Un is the masculine singular indefinite article, meaning a or an.

So:

• bărbat = man
• un bărbat = a man

For feminine nouns, the equivalent would usually be o:

• o femeie = a woman

Romanian sometimes uses pe to mark a direct object, especially when the object is:

• a person,
• specific/definite,
• a pronoun,
• or otherwise strongly individualized.

For example:

• Văd bărbatul. / Îl văd pe bărbat.
• Îl văd pe el.

But with an indefinite object like un bărbat, pe is often omitted, especially in neutral statements like this one.

So resuscitează un bărbat is completely normal.

You may sometimes hear pe with indefinite human objects too, but that usually adds nuance, emphasis, or a more specific interpretation.

Resuscitează is the present tense, 3rd person singular form of the verb a resuscita.

So it means:

• he resuscitates
• she resuscitates
• or, in context, is resuscitating

In this sentence, the subject is medicul, so:

• Medicul resuscitează... = The doctor resuscitates / is resuscitating...

This -ează ending is common in many Romanian verbs, especially learned or international-looking ones:

• a studia → studiază
• a lucra → lucrează
• a resuscita → resuscitează

Romanian often uses the simple present where English may prefer either:

• the simple present (resuscitates), or
• the present continuous (is resuscitating)

So resuscitează can cover both, depending on context.

Romanian does have ways to emphasize ongoing action, but in a basic sentence like this, the plain present is very natural.

Here cu means with, in the sense of using an instrument.

So:

• cu defibrilatorul = with the defibrillator

It tells you the means or tool used to perform the action.

Romanian commonly uses cu this way:

• scrie cu pixul = he/she writes with the pen
• taie cu cuțitul = he/she cuts with the knife
• resuscitează cu defibrilatorul = he/she resuscitates with the defibrillator

Because the sentence is talking about the defibrillator, not just any defibrillator.

• cu defibrilatorul = with the defibrillator
• cu un defibrilator = with a defibrillator

Using the definite form suggests a specific defibrillator is meant, probably the one available in that situation.

Both are grammatically possible, but they mean slightly different things.

In theory, Romanian can sometimes allow that kind of structural ambiguity, because cu + noun can modify either:

• the verb: resuscitates with the defibrillator
• or the noun: a man with the defibrillator

But in this sentence, the most natural interpretation is clearly instrumental: the doctor is using the defibrillator.

If someone wanted to make the man who has the defibrillator reading clearer, they would usually rephrase it.

So although the structure could look ambiguous on paper, normal context strongly favors using the defibrillator.

No. Romanian word order is fairly flexible, although Subject + Verb + Object is a very common neutral order.

This sentence uses a normal, straightforward order:

• Medicul = subject
• resuscitează = verb
• un bărbat = direct object
• cu defibrilatorul = prepositional phrase

You could move parts around for emphasis, for example:

• Medicul resuscitează cu defibrilatorul un bărbat.
• Cu defibrilatorul, medicul resuscitează un bărbat.

But the original version is the most neutral and natural for a simple statement.

Two useful Romanian sounds here are:

• ă = a short, relaxed vowel like the a in about
• ț = ts, like the end of cats

So:

• bărbat has ă
• resuscitează has ă and ț

Very roughly:

• bărbat ≈ bər-BAT
• resuscitează ≈ re-soo-see-TEA-zə or re-soo-shee-TEA-zə, depending on how narrowly you want to imitate Romanian pronunciation

The main thing for a learner is:

• don’t pronounce ț like English z
• and don’t make ă into a full strong a

Because Romanian normally uses a postposed article: the definite article is attached to the end of the noun.

Compare:

• English: the doctor

• Romanian: medicul

• English: the defibrillator
• Romanian: defibrilatorul

This is a basic feature of Romanian grammar and applies very often, especially in simple noun phrases.

Only if the subject is already clear from context.

Romanian often allows the subject to be omitted because the verb form already gives person and number. So in context, you might hear just:

• Resuscitează un bărbat cu defibrilatorul.

That would mean something like:

• He/She is resuscitating a man with the defibrillator.

But in your sentence, medicul is included because the speaker wants to state explicitly who is doing the action.