Se găsește o deficiență majoră.

Here se does not mean himself/herself/itself in a literal reflexive sense. It is part of a very common Romanian construction that makes the sentence impersonal or passive-like.

So Se găsește o deficiență majoră means something like:

• A major deficiency is found
• One finds a major deficiency
• There is a major deficiency found

In natural English, you usually would not translate se word-for-word. It mainly changes the structure of the sentence.

Because the noun phrase o deficiență majoră is singular.

Romanian often uses this se + verb structure with agreement like this:

• Se găsește o deficiență majoră = singular
• Se găsesc deficiențe majore = plural

So the verb agrees with what is being found:

• o deficiență → singular → găsește
• deficiențe → plural → găsesc

It is very close to a passive, but Romanian usually describes this as a reflexive passive or an impersonal/passive construction with se.

Compare:

• Se găsește o deficiență majoră
• O deficiență majoră este găsită

Both can mean a major deficiency is found, but the first one is usually more natural in many contexts. Romanian often prefers the se construction where English might use a passive.

Romanian word order is more flexible than English word order.

So:

• Se găsește o deficiență majoră
• O deficiență majoră se găsește

are both possible, but the first version is more natural in this kind of formal or neutral statement.

With se constructions, it is very common for the thing being found to come after the verb.

O is the indefinite article for a feminine singular noun. It means a or one.

So:

• o deficiență = a deficiency

Romanian articles must agree with the noun’s gender and number:

• un for masculine/neuter singular in many cases
• o for feminine singular

Since deficiență is feminine singular, Romanian uses o.

Because the adjective must agree with the noun.

Deficiență is:

• feminine
• singular

So the adjective also has to be:

• feminine
• singular

That gives:

• deficiență majoră = major deficiency

Compare:

• un defect major = masculine singular
• o deficiență majoră = feminine singular
• deficiențe majore = feminine plural

In Romanian, adjectives often come after the noun.

So:

• deficiență majoră literally follows the pattern deficiency major

This is the normal order in Romanian for many descriptive adjectives.

Sometimes adjectives can come before the noun, but that often adds a special stylistic effect or changes emphasis. In a neutral sentence like this, deficiență majoră is the standard order.

Yes, sometimes, depending on the context.

• Se găsește o deficiență majoră = A major deficiency is found / One finds a major deficiency
• Există o deficiență majoră = There is a major deficiency

The difference is that se găsește suggests a result of inspection, analysis, or discovery.
Există simply states that something exists.

So if the idea is a major deficiency is detected, then se găsește is more precise.

The dictionary form is a găsi, meaning to find.

Here are a few forms:

• a găsi = to find
• găsesc = I find
• găsești = you find
• găsește = he/she/it finds

In your sentence, găsește is the 3rd person singular present form.

A helpful approximation is:

guh-ZESH-te

A few details:

• ă is a short central vowel, something like the a in about
• ș is pronounced sh
• e is like eh

So găsește sounds roughly like guh-ZESH-te.

Yes, it sounds fairly formal, neutral, and suitable for contexts like:

• reports
• inspections
• technical writing
• academic or administrative language

A more everyday Romanian sentence might be phrased differently depending on the situation, but this version is perfectly natural in formal or written language.