Citind CV-ul, recrutorul verifică recomandarea.

Citind is the Romanian gerunziu form of a citi, meaning reading or while reading.

In this sentence, it introduces a secondary action happening at the same time as the main action:

Citind CV-ul, recrutorul verifică recomandarea
= While reading the CV, the recruiter checks the recommendation

So citind does not carry tense by itself. The main verb verifică gives the sentence its tense.

The person doing the reading is recrutorul.

In Romanian, a gerunziu phrase like citind CV-ul normally has the same subject as the main verb. So the sentence means that the recruiter is both:

• reading the CV
• checking the recommendation

This is an important point. Romanian usually expects the subject of citind to match the subject of verifică.

Because CV is an abbreviation, and Romanian often adds the definite article with a hyphen in this kind of case.

• CV = CV, résumé
• CV-ul = the CV

Romanian normally puts the definite article at the end of the noun, not as a separate word. With abbreviations or foreign-looking forms, the hyphen makes the structure clearer.

So:

• un CV = a CV
• CV-ul = the CV

The ending -ul is the Romanian definite article for a masculine singular noun in this form.

• recrutor = recruiter, a recruiter
• recrutorul = the recruiter

Unlike English, Romanian usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

So recrutorul is literally something like recruiter-the, but in natural English it is simply the recruiter.

For the same basic reason: it is a definite noun.

• recomandare = recommendation, a recommendation
• recomandarea = the recommendation

Here recomandarea is the direct object of verifică.

Depending on context, recomandare can mean:

• a recommendation
• a reference
• a recommendation letter

But grammatically, the important thing is that recomandarea is definite: the recommendation / the reference.

Verifică is present indicative, third person singular, from a verifica.

So it means he/she checks or he/she is checking, depending on context.

Romanian present tense is often broader than English. It can correspond to:

• checks
• is checking

In this sentence, both may work depending on how the meaning was presented.

Not really.

Romanian traditional grammar calls citind a gerunziu, but it does not behave like the English noun-like gerund in many cases. In this sentence, citind is more like an adverbial -ing form: while reading.

If you want reading as a noun, Romanian usually uses a different form:

• Cititul este util = Reading is useful

So:

• citind = reading, while reading
• cititul = reading as an activity, the act of reading

This difference is very useful to learn early.

Normally, no. Citind usually suggests an action happening at the same time as the main action.

So here it means:

• while reading the CV

If you want after reading the CV, Romanian would usually use a different structure, for example with după ce:

• După ce citește CV-ul, recrutorul verifică recomandarea

So citind is mainly about simultaneity, not completed prior action.

No, Romanian word order is fairly flexible, but the original order is natural and clear.

Citind CV-ul, recrutorul verifică recomandarea puts the background action first, which is very common.

You could also move things around, but the nuance may change a little. For example:

• Recrutorul verifică recomandarea citind CV-ul

This can sound more like the recruiter checks the recommendation by reading the CV or while reading the CV, depending on context.

So the original version is a good, straightforward way to express the idea.

Because both verbs take a direct object.

• a citi ceva = to read something
• a verifica ceva = to check something

So:

• citind CV-ul = reading the CV
• verifică recomandarea = checks the recommendation

No preposition is needed in either case.

It is usually pronounced letter by letter, with the article added at the end:

ce-ve-ul

That reflects how Romanian speakers read the abbreviation CV plus the definite article -ul.

So in speech, CV-ul sounds like a normal Romanian combination of an abbreviation and an attached article.