O meu está na mesa.

Mine is on the table.

Breakdown of O meu está na mesa.

• estar: to be
• em: on
• a mesa: the table
• o meu: mine

Questions & Answers about O meu está na mesa.

What does O meu literally mean, and why is there an article?

• o = the (masculine singular definite article)
• meu = my/mine (masculine singular possessive)

Together, O meu literally means “the mine,” which is how Portuguese forms a standalone possessive pronoun meaning “mine” or “my one.” In European Portuguese, possessives normally take the definite article, both:

• before a noun: o meu livro (my book)
• and when the noun is omitted (substantivized): O meu [livro]…

Without the article, meu cannot stand alone. One common exception is after the verb ser: É meu (It’s mine).

What noun is being left out after O meu?

It’s the item you’ve just been talking about. O meu stands for “my one” where the noun is understood from context:

• O meu telemóvel está na mesa. → O meu está na mesa.
• O meu casaco está na mesa. → O meu está na mesa.

Why is it masculine (o meu) when mesa is feminine?

Because o meu agrees with the omitted noun it refers to, not with mesa. If the missing noun is masculine (e.g., o telemóvel, o livro), you use o meu. If it’s feminine (e.g., a chave, a carteira), you use a minha.

How would the sentence change with different genders and numbers?

• Feminine singular: A minha está na mesa. (e.g., a chave)
• Masculine plural: Os meus estão na mesa. (e.g., os livros)
• Feminine plural: As minhas estão na mesa. (e.g., as chaves)

Note the verb agrees in number: está (singular) vs estão (plural).

Why está and not é?

Use estar for the location of people and objects: O meu está na mesa.
Use ser for identity/characteristics and to locate events: O concerto é no Coliseu.
So objects “are located” with estar.

What does na mean?

na = contraction of em + a (“in/on/at the,” feminine). Related forms:

• no = em + o (masculine)
• numa = em + uma (in/on/at a, feminine)
• num = em + um (masculine)

Contraction is obligatory in normal Portuguese.

Does na mesa mean on the table or at the table?

• It can mean either, depending on context.
• To be explicit:
  • On top of the table: em cima da mesa or sobre a mesa.
  • At the table (seated for a meal): à mesa.

Can I say O meu está em cima da mesa or O meu está sobre a mesa?

Yes.

• em cima da mesa emphasizes physical contact “on top of.”
• sobre a mesa also means “on top of,” often a bit more formal/literary; it can also mean “over/above” depending on context.

Can I drop O meu and just say Está na mesa?

Yes, if the referent is clear from context. Está na mesa means “It’s on the table,” but it no longer explicitly says “mine.” Use O meu if you need to make the possession clear.

Why can’t I say Meu está na mesa?

Because as a standalone pronoun, the possessive needs the article in Portuguese: O meu está… is correct; Meu está… is ungrammatical. After ser, you can say É meu, but that’s a different structure.

How do I say Yours/His/Hers is on the table?

• Informal you (tu): O teu está na mesa. / A tua… / Os teus… / As tuas…
• Formal you (você/o senhor/a senhora) or 3rd person possessor (context-dependent): O seu está na mesa. (can mean your/his/her)
• To avoid 3rd-person ambiguity:
  • His: O dele está na mesa.
  • Hers: O dela está na mesa.

Can the word order change, like Na mesa está o meu?

Yes. Fronting the location is fine and adds emphasis: Na mesa está o meu.
For a neutral yes/no question, you can keep the order and use rising intonation or a question mark: O meu está na mesa?
Inversion is also possible and a bit more formal: Está o meu na mesa?

How do I pronounce the sentence in European Portuguese?

Approximate EP pronunciation:

• O ≈ [u]
• meu ≈ [mew]
• está ≈ [ʃˈta] (sounds like “shtá”)
• na ≈ [nɐ] (the a is a reduced “uh”)
• mesa ≈ [ˈme.zɐ] (s between vowels = [z], final a reduced)

Together: [u mew ʃˈta nɐ ˈme.zɐ]

Is the o in O meu an article or the object pronoun o?

It’s the definite article o (“the”). The object pronoun o (“him/it”) attaches to verbs (e.g., vi-o, “I saw him/it”) and is not what you have here.